Table 2.
Clinical presentations according to the affected dural venous sinuses.[2–6,11–14,18,29,30,37–39,41–43]
| Site of CVT | Clinical presentation |
|---|---|
| Superior sagittal sinus (39–62%) | Cranial nerve palsies and intracranial hypertension lead to common symptoms: 1.Headache, nausea, vomiting 2.Blurred vision, occasionally loss of vision 3.Seizures 4.Aphasia, hemianopia 5.Hemisensory loss and/or hemiparesis 6.Rarely, isolated psychiatric symptoms |
| Transverse sinus (44–73%) | Isolated TS involvement without infarction: 1.Asymptomatic or 2.Headache, seizures Left TS involvement with venous infarction: Aphasia. Involvement of contiguous sinuses: 1.Intracranial hypertension 2.Cranial nerve IX–XXI palsies |
| Sigmoid sinus (40–47%) | 1.Pain in the mastoid region 2.Cranial nerve VI–VIII palsies |
| Deep venous system (10.9%) | 1.Diminished level of consciousness, or coma 2.Diffuse encephalopathy 3.Bilateral or fluctuating motor deficits |
| Cortical veins (3.7–17.1%) | Focal neurological deficits and seizures |
| Cavernous sinus (1.3–1.7%) | Headache, fever and ocular signs (ocular pain, chemosis, proptosis, ocular nerve palsy) |
| Inferior sagittal sinus | Motor deficits, seizures |
| Straight sinus | Motor deficits, mental status changes |
| Internal jugular vein | Neck pain, tinnitus, and cranial nerve palsies |