Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Variable | SWB | P value† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very happy | Happy | Neutral | Unhappy | |||
| Number of remaining teeth and self-rated mastication, N (%) | ||||||
| ≥20 and can bite tightly bilaterally | 844 (72.7) | 2978 (68.1) | 756 (61.6) | 51 (60.0) | <.001 | * |
| ≥20 and cannot bite tightly bilaterally | 96 (8.3) | 425 (9.7) | 149 (12.1) | 15 (17.6) | ||
| <20 and can bite tightly bilaterally | 167 (14.4) | 682 (15.6) | 205 (16.7) | 13 (15.3) | ||
| <20 and cannot bite tightly bilaterally | 54 (4.7) | 288 (6.6) | 117 (9.5) | 6 (7.1) | ||
| Sex, N (%) | ||||||
| Male | 353 (30.0) | 1474 (33.7) | 466 (38.0) | 39 (45.9) | <.001 | * |
| Female | 808 (70.0) | 2899 (66.3) | 761 (62.0) | 46 (54.1) | ||
| Age, median (lowest, highest), yr | 69 (40, 75) | 68 (46,76) | 68 (42,76) | 67 (46,75) | .250 | |
| Marital status, N (%) | ||||||
| Married | 1001 (87.0) | 3680 (84.9) | 877 (72.2) | 39 (46.4) | <.001 | * |
| Never married | 24 (2.1) | 138 (3.2) | 114 (9.4) | 21 (25.0) | ||
| Divorced | 33 (2.9) | 133 (3.1) | 66 (5.4) | 9 (10.7) | ||
| Separated | 3 (0.3) | 18 (0.4) | 13 (1.1) | 2 (2.4) | ||
| Widowed | 83 (7.2) | 354 (8.2) | 140 (11.5) | 13 (15.5) | ||
| Other | 7 (0.6) | 12 (0.3) | 4 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Educational status, N (%) | ||||||
| University graduate or above | 132 (11.5) | 458 (10.6) | 105 (8.7) | 9 (10.6) | .200 | |
| High school/junior college/professional training college/dropped out of university | 915 (79.5) | 3474 (80.1) | 972 (80.3) | 70 (82.4) | ||
| Junior high school graduate. | 104 (9.0) | 407 (9.4) | 133 (11.0) | 6 (7.1) | ||
| Self-rated health, N (%) | ||||||
| Excellent | 187 (16.2) | 183 (4.2) | 19 (1.6) | 2 (2.4) | <.001 | * |
| Very good | 264 (22.9) | 900 (20.8) | 181 (14.9) | 8 (9.6) | ||
| Good | 588 (51.0) | 2654 (61.3) | 672 (55.4) | 29 (34.9) | ||
| Fair | 94 (8.2) | 550 (12.7) | 314 (25.9) | 33 (39.8) | ||
| Poor | 19 (1.6) | 44 (1.0) | 28 (2.3) | 11 (13.3) | ||
| Household income, N (%) | ||||||
| >1500 million yen | 30 (2.8) | 53 (1.3) | 8 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | <.001 | * |
| 1200–1500 million yen | 24 (2.2) | 79 (1.9) | 7 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 900–1200 million yen | 72 (6.6) | 185 (4.5) | 33 (2.9) | 2 (2.5) | ||
| 600–900 million yen | 162 (14.9) | 512 (12.6) | 86 (7.6) | 4 (5.0) | ||
| 300–600 million yen | 432 (39.8) | 1599 (39.3) | 380 (33.4) | 18 (22.5) | ||
| <300 million yen | 366 (33.7) | 1642 (40.3) | 625 (54.9) | 56 (70.0) | ||
| Feelings of depression, N (%) | ||||||
| Never | 914 (80.5) | 2793 (65.8) | 445 (37.5) | 9 (10.8) | <.001 | * |
| Occasionally | 201 (17.7) | 1304 (30.7) | 550 (46.3) | 25 (30.1) | ||
| Often | 19 (1.7) | 111 (2.6) | 144 (12.1) | 24 (28.9) | ||
| Always | 1 (0.1) | 35 (0.8) | 48 (4.0) | 25 (30.1) | ||
SWB = subjective well-being.
*
Statistically significant (P<.05).
†
P value based on the chi-squared test or Kruskal–Wallis Test.