Table 1.
Cohort characteristics by age (<1 month versus ≥1 month) and intensive care unit (cardiac versus pediatric or neonatal)
| N=506 | NICU/PICU Neonatal |
CICU Neonatal |
NICU/PICU Pediatric |
CICU Pediatric |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=200 | n=105 | n=71 | n=130 | |
| Male sex | 114 (57.0%) | 65 (61.9%) | 34 (47.9%) | 69 (53.1%) |
| Age (yr) | — | — | 4.4 (0.8 to 7.6) | 0.6 (0.2 to 4.7) |
| Age (d) | 1 (0.4 to 2) | 4.2 (2.9 to 12) | — | — |
| Abnormal creatinine at ECMO start | 18 (9.0%) | 8 (7.6%) | 27 (38.0%) | 48 (36.9%) |
| ECMO mode a | ||||
| VV | 41 (20.5%) | 1 (1.0%) | 39 (54.9%) | 1 (0.8%) |
| VA/VVA | 157 (78.5%) | 104 (99.0%) | 32 (45.1%) | 128 (99.2%) |
| ECMO pump type b | ||||
| Cardiohelp | 0 (0%) | 2 (2.0%) | 30 (42.9%) | 5 (3.9%) |
| Roller (Jostra/Stockert) | 187 (97.9%) | 71 (69.6%) | 27 (38.6%) | 79 (62.2%) |
| Sorin centrifugal | 4 (2.1%) | 29 (28.4%) | 13 (18.6%) | 43 (33.9%) |
| ECMO duration (d) | 10.4 (7 to 18.2) | 4.2 (2.5 to 6.7) | 6.5 (2.5 to 12.0) | 5.7 (2.8 to 10.0) |
| Diagnosis categories | ||||
| Cardiac arrest | 6 (3.1%) | 40 (38%) | 21 (30%) | 35 (27%) |
| Congenital heart disease | 78 (40%) | 100 (95%) | 9 (13%) | 95 (73%) |
| Other cardiac dysfunction | 35 (18%) | 53 (50%) | 21 (30%) | 109 (84%) |
| CDH | 43 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| PPHN | 51 (26%) | 3 (2.9%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (3.8%) |
| Meconium aspiration | 45 (23%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Acute resp failure | 153 (79%) | 58 (55%) | 47 (67%) | 53 (41%) |
| Pneumonia/Pneumonitis | 15 (7.8%) | 3 (2.9%) | 39 (56%) | 18 (14%) |
| Sepsis | 43 (22%) | 15 (14%) | 23 (33%) | 17 (13%) |
| Oncologic/BMT | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 13 (19%) | 1 (0.8%) |
| Solid organ transplant | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.0%) | 2 (2.9%) | 9 (6.9%) |
| CKD/CAKUT | 7 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (8.6%) | 1 (0.8%) |
BMT, bone marrow transplantation; CDH, congenital diaphragmatic hernia; CAKUT, congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract; CICU, cardiac intensive care unit; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; NICU, neonatal patients in the intensive care unit; PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension; PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; VVA, veno-veno-arterial; VV, venovenous; VA, venoarterial.
a
N=2 ECMO mode unknown.
b
N=9 ECMO pump type unknown.