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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 4.
Published in final edited form as: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2023 May 2;1525(1):70–87. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14997
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
  • Physiological: Restlessness, fatigue, muscle tension, sleep disturbances, irritability, and hypervigilance. Symptoms are unrelated to the effects of a substance or medical condition.

  • Psychosocial: Persisting excessive apprehension, expectation of danger, and worry about a number of life events or activities.

  • Physiological: Diminished interest and pleasure (anhedonia). Low energy, or a decrease in efficiency to complete routine tasks. Significant changes in appetite.

  • Psychosocial: A sense of worthlessness or excessive guilt. Impaired ability to concentrate or make a decision (rumination). Recurrent suicidal ideation, or suicide attempts.