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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 4.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2021 Nov 19;70:137–144. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.10.010

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(a) Representation straightening for invariant object recognition (b) Temporal straightening for temporal natural video sequences. (c) Geometry of Abstraction. Representations encoding abstraction (i.e., cross-conditional generalization) show geometry where coding directions can be rotated or translated between conditions, known as parallelism (Right). (d) Neural manifolds arise as a result of stimulus variability. Population responses to two object classes (dog vs. cat) in the presence of the stimulus variability (orientation) give rise to two object manifolds. Invariant object recognition becomes the problem of classifying between two object manifolds. Axes represent the firing rates of neurons. (e) Manifold capacity is high if object manifolds are well separated and low when object manifolds are entangled in neural state space. Part (a) adapted from Ref. [7]. Part (b) adapted from Ref. [30]. Part (c) adapted from Ref. [31]. Part (e) adapted from Ref. [32].