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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 4.
Published in final edited form as: Acad Emerg Med. 2021 Dec 13;29(4):465–475. doi: 10.1111/acem.14422

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Pain reduction associated with intranasal ketorolac and intravenous ketorolac at 60 min after study medication administration. The length of lines in the parallel line plot represents the magnitude of change in pain intensity for each patient. The boxplots to the left and right of the parallel line plot represent the pain scores at 0 and 60 min, with the middle line of each box representing the median, the box representing the interquartile range, the whiskers representing the range, and the dot representing the mean. The box plots on the far right represent the change in pain score from baseline to 60 min; a single line is portrayed for the IN group because of overlapping median and quartiles. FPS-R, Faces Pain Scale – Revised; IN, intranasal; IV, intravenous; Min., Minutes