TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics
| Intranasal Ketorolac n = 27 | Intravenous Ketorolac n = 29 | |
|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), years | 14 (11, 16) | 15 (11, 16) |
| Female, No. (%) | 17 (63) | 21 (72.4) |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 57.7 (16.9) | 63.7 (26.8) |
| Ethnicity/race, No. (%) | ||
| Hispanic | 24 (88.9) | 26 (89.7) |
| Black | 2 (7.4) | 0 |
| White | 0 | 3 (10.3) |
| Don’t know | 1 (3.7) | 0 |
| Primary language, No. (%) | ||
| English | 24 (88.9) | 28 (96.6) |
| Spanish | 3 (11.1) | 1 (3.4) |
| Headache history, No. (%) | ||
| First headache of life | 5 (18.5) | 5 (17.2) |
| Headaches for <1 year, not first headache of life | 8 (29.6) | 9 (31.1) |
| Headaches for ≥1 year | 14 (51.9) | 15 (51.7) |
| Number of days per month with a headache, median (IQR)a | 3 (1, 6) | 3 (2, 6) |
| Number of days per month requiring medication for headache pain, median (IQR)a | 1 (1, 4) | 2 (1, 4) |
| Type of medication taken at home for headache prior to ED presentation No. (%) | ||
| Over-the-counter analgesic only | 26 (96.3) | 28 (96.6) |
| Prescription analgesic (+/− over-the-counter analgesic)b | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.4) |
| Headache pain intensity at ED presentation, mean (SD)c | 6.3 (1.6) | 6.3 (1.8) |
| Functional disability at ED presentation, No. (%) | ||
| None | 3 (11.1) | 0 |
| Mild | 9 (33.3) | 9 (31) |
| Moderate | 9 (33.3) | 12 (41.4) |
| Severe | 6 (22.3) | 8 (27.6) |
| Family history of migraine headaches, No. (%)d | 20 (74.1) | 21 (72.4) |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.
a
Does not include patients with first headache of life; intranasal n = 22, intravenous = 22.
b
Over-the-counter analgesics include acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen, and combination analgesics (e.g. aspirin/acetaminophen/caffeine). Prescription analgesics include sumitriptan, metoclopramide, and topiramate.
c
Measured using the Faces Pain Scale – Revised.
d
First-or second-degree relatives (parents, siblings; grandparents, uncles, aunts) with migraine headaches.