Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 3,471,745 participants with and without shoulder adhesive capsulitis
| Variable | No adhesive capsulitis (n=3,178,557) | Adhesive capsulitis (n=293,188) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 44.29±13.48 | 53.17±10.89 | <0.0001 |
| Sex | <0.0001 | ||
| Male | 1,859,928 (58.51) | 131,540 (44.87) | |
| Female | 1,318,629 (41.49) | 161,648 (55.13) | |
| Smoking | <0.0001 | ||
| Non-smoker | 1,794,567 (56.46) | 196,072 (66.88) | |
| Former | 462,988 (14.57) | 42,341 (14.44) | |
| Current | 921,002 (28.98) | 54,775 (18.68) | |
| Alcohol drinking | <0.0001 | ||
| Non-drinker | 1,510,446 (47.52) | 177,011 (60.37) | |
| Moderate | 1,397,643 (43.97) | 97,033 (33.1) | |
| Heavy | 270,468 (8.51) | 19,144 (6.53) | |
| Regular exercise | 563,692 (17.73) | 56,966 (19.43) | <0.0001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.61±3.54 | 23.99±3.05 | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 563,692 (17.73) | 56,966 (19.43) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 202,102 (6.36) | 35,539 (12.12) | <0.0001 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 95.71±21.5 | 100.3±26.49 | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 728,296 (22.91) | 100,025 (34.12) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 121.83±14.81 | 123.31±15.36 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 76.14±10.04 | 76.6±10.1 | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 495,888 (15.6) | 69,033 (23.55) | <0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 194.05±40.97 | 199.23±42.27 | <0.0001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 56.54±32.34 | 56.48±35.33 | 0.4119 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 112.4±38.35 | 117.23±39.77 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 111.09 (111.02–111.16) | 115.75 (115.51–115.98) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 194,911 (6.13) | 21,640 (7.38) | <0.0001 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation, number (%), or median (range).
HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.