Table 4.

Subgroup analysis of incidence rates and hazard ratios of shoulder adhesive capsulitis by age and sex according to presence of T2DM

		Groups	Total no.	No. of AC	Duration, yra	IRb	HR (95% CI)	P valuec
Age, yr
	20–29	T2DM (–)	495,995	3,757	4,106,251.64	0.9149	1 (ref)	<0.0001
		T2DM (+)	4,346	72	35,890.55	2.0061	2.509 (2.005–3.139)
	30–39	T2DM (–)	741,853	19,411	6,096,050.13	3.1842	1 (ref)
		T2DM (+)	20,350	1,121	164,403.3	6.8186	2.401 (2.266–2.545)
	40–49	T2DM (–)	919,266	82,549	7,329,519.4	11.2625	1 (ref)
		T2DM (+)	54,586	8,003	417,646.15	19.1622	1.806 (1.765–1.849)
	50–59	T2DM (–)	606,814	80,487	4,698,566.11	17.1301	1 (ref)
		T2DM (+)	69,628	12,033	516,335.96	23.3046	1.430 (1.402–1.458)
	60–69	T2DM (–)	318,179	50,980	2,381,312.83	21.4084	1 (ref)
		T2DM (+)	57,145	10,107	411,001.56	24.5911	1.169 (1.144–1.194)
	70–79	T2DM (–)	131,128	18,840	926,577.41	20.3329	1 (ref)
		T2DM (+)	27,462	3,870	184,419.25	20.9848	1.033 (0.997–1.069)
	≥80	T2DM (–)	20,869	1,625	123,042.34	13.2068	1 (ref)
		T2DM (+)	4,124	333	22,620.67	14.721	1.114 (0.990–1.254)
Sex								<0.0001
	Male	T2DM (–)	1,830,913	111,135	14,632,233.01	7.5952	1 (ref)
		T2DM (+)	160,555	20,405	1,191,260.95	17.1289	1.511 (1.488–1.534)
	Female	T2DM (–)	1,403,191	146,514	11,029,086.85	13.2843	1 (ref)
		T2DM (+)	77,086	15,134	561,056.49	26.9741	1.234 (1.213–1.255)

HR was adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and body mass index.

T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; AC, shoulder adhesive capsulitis; IR, incidence rate; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

^aDuration, total follow-up period of all subjects

^bPer 1,000 person-years,

^cP value for trend, according to Cox proportional hazard regression analyses.