Table 2. Study design of HCSB sealer literature.
| Study type (level of evidence) | Articles | |
|---|---|---|
| Review | ||
| Systematic review (level of evidence 1) | 9 | |
| Systematic review & meta-analysis (level of evidence 1) | 8 | |
| Literature - narrative review (level of evidence 4) | 22 | |
| Scoping review (level of evidence 4) | 3 | |
| Clinical trial | ||
| Non-randomized clinical trial (level of evidence 3) | 16 | |
| Randomized clinical trial (level of evidence 1) | 8 | |
| Observational study | ||
| Retrospective cohort study (level of evidence 3) | 3 | |
| Prospective cohort study (level of evidence 3) | 2 | |
| Case report (level of evidence 4) | 3 | |
| Basic research | ||
| In vitro/ex vivo (level of evidence 5) | 395 | |
| In vivo (level of evidence 5) | 27 | |
| Expert opinion (level of evidence 5) | 2 | |
HCSB, hydraulic calcium silicate-based.