Table 3. Clinical outcomes (n = 158).
| Variables | Values (n = 158) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Without paradoxical responses | 104/158 (66) | ||
| Treatment duration, mon | 6.3 (6.0–9.0) | ||
| Paradoxical responsesa | 21/158 (13) | ||
| Time to onset of paradoxical response, monb | 4.4 (1.4–6.0) | ||
| Nature of paradoxical responses | |||
| New mediastinal lymphadenitis | 10/24 (42) | ||
| Worsening mediastinal lymphadenitisc | 15/24 (63) | ||
| New lung parenchymal lesion | 3/24 (13) | ||
| Worsening lung parenchymal lesion | 5/24 (21) | ||
| New cervical lymphadenitis | 3/24 (13) | ||
| New pericardial effusion | 1/24 (4) | ||
| New hepatic lesion | 1/24 (4) | ||
| Management | |||
| None | 9/24 (38) | ||
| Extended duration of treatment | 8/24 (33) | ||
| Modification of regimend | 5/24 (21) | ||
| Glucocorticoid | 2/24 (8) | ||
| Total treatment duration, mon | 10.4 (7.0–12.8) | ||
| Anti-TB treatment not completed | 33/158 (21) | ||
| Transferred | 17 (11) | ||
| Lost to follow-up | 13 (8) | ||
| Died | 3 (2) | ||
| Total treatment duration, mon | 0.2 (0–0.9) | ||
Data are reported as median (interquartile range) and number (%).
TB = tuberculosis.
aThree patients experienced two separate paradoxical responses. A total of 24 paradoxical responses was analyzed and presented.
bA total of 21 cases were analyzed, excluding the three cases of recurrent paradoxical response.
cWorsening lymphadenitis was defined as a 20% or greater increase in short axis diameter compared to the baseline value.
dPyrazinamide (n = 4) or moxifloxacin (n = 1) was added to maintenance regimen.