Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the participants
| All | Inland area (all) | Inland area | Coastal area (all) | Coastal area | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No damage | Partially destroyed | More than half destroyed | No damage | Partially destroyed | More than half destroyed | |||||||||||||
| (n = 9218) | (n = 5860) | (n = 1924) | (n = 3378) | (n = 558) | (n = 3358) | (n = 707) | (n = 1394) | (n = 1257) | ||||||||||
| Age, years | 65.5 | (6.3) | 65.3 | (6.3) | 65.6 | (6.4) | 65.3 | (6.1) | 64.7 | (6.4) | 65.7 | (6.4) | 65.8 | (6.7) | 65.9 | (6.1) | 65.4 | (6.7) |
| Sex | ||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 4468 | (48.5) | 2874 | (49.0) | 896 | (46.6) | 1700 | (50.3) | 278 | (49.8) | 1594 | (47.5) | 328 | (46.4) | 675 | (48.4) | 591 | (47.0) |
| Female | 4750 | (51.5) | 2986 | (51.0) | 1028 | (53.4) | 1678 | (49.7) | 280 | (50.2) | 1764 | (52.5) | 379 | (53.6) | 719 | (51.6) | 666 | (53.0) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.8 | (3.5) | 24.7 | (3.5) | 24.8 | (3.6) | 24.7 | (3.5) | 24.8 | (3.4) | 24.8 | (3.4) | 24.6 | (3.4) | 24.7 | (3.4) | 25.1 | (3.5) |
| SBP, mmHg | 132.4 | (15.8) | 132.3 | (15.7) | 132.7 | (15.9) | 132.2 | (15.6) | 131 | (15.9) | 132.7 | (16.0) | 133.1 | (15.8) | 131.7 | (16.5) | 133.5 | (15.5) |
| DBP, mmHg | 78.7 | (9.9) | 78.8 | (10.0) | 78.6 | (10.1) | 79.0 | (9.9) | 78.6 | (10.1) | 78.5 | (9.8) | 78.9 | (9.7) | 78.0 | (9.8) | 78.9 | (9.8) |
| Smoking status | ||||||||||||||||||
| Current smoker | 1057 | (11.5) | 668 | (11.4) | 228 | (11.9) | 373 | (11.0) | 67 | (12.0) | 389 | (11.6) | 80 | (11.3) | 149 | (10.7) | 160 | (12.7) |
| Ex-smoker | 2779 | (30.2) | 1755 | (30.0) | 545 | (28.3) | 1034 | (30.6) | 176 | (31.5) | 1024 | (30.5) | 213 | (30.1) | 433 | (31.1) | 378 | (30.1) |
| Never smoker | 5142 | (55.8) | 3293 | (56.2) | 1113 | (57.9) | 1884 | (55.8) | 296 | (53.1) | 1849 | (55.1) | 396 | (56.0) | 764 | (54.8) | 689 | (54.8) |
| Unknown | 240 | (2.6) | 144 | (2.5) | 38 | (2) | 87 | (2.6) | 19 | (3.4) | 96 | (2.9) | 18 | (2.6) | 48 | (3.4) | 30 | (2.4) |
| Drinking status | ||||||||||||||||||
| Current drinker | 5129 | (55.6) | 3303 | (56.4) | 1037 | (53.9) | 1957 | (57.9) | 309 | (55.4) | 1826 | (54.4) | 395 | (55.9) | 790 | (56.7) | 641 | (51.0) |
| Ex-drinker | 287 | (3.1) | 186 | (3.2) | 63 | (3.3) | 103 | (3.1) | 20 | (3.6) | 101 | (3.0) | 19 | (2.7) | 37 | (2.7) | 45 | (3.6) |
| Never drinker | 3724 | (40.4) | 2316 | (39.5) | 803 | (41.7) | 1289 | (38.2) | 224 | (40.1) | 1408 | (41.9) | 291 | (41.2) | 557 | (40.0) | 560 | (44.6) |
| Unknown | 78 | (0.9) | 55 | (0.9) | 21 | (1.1) | 29 | (0.9) | 5 | (0.9) | 23 | (0.7) | 2 | (0.3) | 10 | (0.7) | 11 | (0.9) |
| Having psychological distress | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 3378 | (36.7) | 2062 | (35.2) | 618 | (32.1) | 1225 | (36.3) | 219 | (39.3) | 1316 | (39.2) | 235 | (33.2) | 528 | (37.9) | 553 | (44.0) |
| No | 5666 | (61.5) | 3691 | (63.0) | 1276 | (66.3) | 2090 | (61.9) | 325 | (58.2) | 1975 | (58.8) | 463 | (65.5) | 841 | (60.3) | 671 | (53.4) |
| Unknown | 174 | (1.9) | 107 | (1.8) | 30 | (1.6) | 63 | (1.9) | 14 | (2.5) | 67 | (2.0) | 9 | (1.3) | 25 | (1.8) | 33 | (2.6) |
| Social network status | ||||||||||||||||||
| Socially isolated | 2090 | (22.7) | 1307 | (22.3) | 475 | (24.7) | 712 | (21.1) | 120 | (21.5) | 783 | (23.3) | 189 | (26.7) | 317 | (22.7) | 277 | (22.0) |
| Socially connected | 6709 | (72.8) | 4297 | (73.3) | 1365 | (71.0) | 2525 | (74.8) | 407 | (72.9) | 2412 | (71.8) | 489 | (69.2) | 1011 | (72.5) | 912 | (72.6) |
| Unknown | 419 | (4.6) | 256 | (4.4) | 84 | (4.4) | 141 | (4.2) | 31 | (5.6) | 163 | (4.9) | 29 | (4.1) | 66 | (4.7) | 68 | (5.4) |
| Educational background | ||||||||||||||||||
| Elementary/junior high/high school | 6686 | (72.6) | 4226 | (72.1) | 1417 | (73.7) | 2439 | (72.2) | 370 | (66.3) | 2460 | (73.3) | 519 | (73.4) | 1004 | (72.0) | 937 | (74.5) |
| Vocational school/junior college/technical college | 1650 | (17.9) | 1088 | (18.6) | 332 | (17.3) | 628 | (18.6) | 128 | (22.9) | 562 | (16.7) | 108 | (15.3) | 237 | (17.0) | 217 | (17.3) |
| University or higher | 787 | (8.5) | 495 | (8.5) | 161 | (8.4) | 280 | (8.3) | 54 | (9.7) | 292 | (8.7) | 70 | (9.9) | 138 | (9.9) | 84 | (6.7) |
| Other | 65 | (0.7) | 38 | (0.7) | 12 | (0.6) | 21 | (0.6) | 5 | (0.9) | 27 | (0.8) | 6 | (0.9) | 9 | (0.7) | 12 | (1.0) |
| Unknown | 30 | (0.3) | 13 | (0.2) | 2 | (0.1) | 10 | (0.3) | 1 | (0.2) | 17 | (0.5) | 4 | (0.6) | 6 | (0.4) | 7 | (0.6) |
| Having a spouse | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 7629 | (82.8) | 4884 | (83.3) | 1565 | (81.3) | 2850 | (84.4) | 469 | (84.1) | 2745 | (81.8) | 574 | (81.2) | 1178 | (84.5) | 993 | (79.0) |
| No | 1516 | (16.5) | 934 | (15.9) | 346 | (18) | 503 | (14.9) | 85 | (15.2) | 582 | (17.3) | 129 | (18.3) | 204 | (14.6) | 249 | (19.8) |
| Unknown | 73 | (0.8) | 42 | (0.7) | 13 | (0.7) | 25 | (0.7) | 4 | (0.7) | 31 | (0.9) | 4 | (0.6) | 12 | (0.9) | 15 | (1.2) |
| Having children | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 8453 | (91.7) | 5394 | (92.1) | 1737 | (90.3) | 3127 | (92.6) | 530 | (95.0) | 3059 | (91.1) | 650 | (91.9) | 1273 | (91.3) | 1136 | (90.4) |
| No | 275 | (3.0) | 177 | (3.0) | 68 | (3.5) | 99 | (2.9) | 10 | (1.8) | 98 | (2.9) | 19 | (2.7) | 49 | (3.5) | 30 | (2.4) |
| Unknown | 490 | (5.3) | 289 | (4.9) | 119 | (6.2) | 152 | (4.5) | 18 | (3.2) | 201 | (6.0) | 38 | (5.4) | 72 | (5.2) | 91 | (7.2) |
| Living with family | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 8388 | (91.0) | 5370 | (91.6) | 1727 | (89.8) | 3125 | (92.5) | 518 | (92.8) | 3018 | (89.9) | 642 | (90.8) | 1270 | (91.1) | 1106 | (88.0) |
| No | 678 | (7.4) | 400 | (6.8) | 159 | (8.3) | 206 | (6.1) | 35 | (6.3) | 278 | (8.3) | 58 | (8.2) | 100 | (7.2) | 120 | (9.6) |
| Unknown | 152 | (1.7) | 90 | (1.5) | 38 | (2.0) | 47 | (1.4) | 5 | (0.9) | 62 | (1.9) | 7 | (1.0) | 24 | (1.7) | 31 | (2.5) |
| Ever been diagnosed with diabetes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 2009 | (21.8) | 1280 | (21.8) | 386 | (20.1) | 787 | (23.3) | 107 | (19.2) | 729 | (21.7) | 150 | (21.2) | 325 | (23.3) | 254 | (20.2) |
| No | 2892 | (31.4) | 1854 | (31.6) | 594 | (30.9) | 1074 | (31.8) | 186 | (33.3) | 1038 | (30.9) | 234 | (33.1) | 450 | (32.3) | 354 | (28.2) |
| Unknown | 4317 | (46.8) | 2726 | (46.5) | 944 | (49.1) | 1517 | (44.9) | 265 | (47.5) | 1591 | (47.4) | 323 | (45.7) | 619 | (44.4) | 649 | (51.6) |
| Ever been diagnosed with dyslipidemia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 2987 | (32.4) | 1801 | (30.7) | 558 | (30.6) | 1035 | (30.6) | 178 | (31.9) | 1186 | (35.3) | 246 | (34.8) | 530 | (38.0) | 410 | (32.6) |
| No | 2296 | (24.9) | 1525 | (26.0) | 481 | (25.0) | 907 | (26.9) | 137 | (24.6) | 771 | (23.0) | 177 | (25.0) | 320 | (23.0) | 274 | (21.8) |
| Unknown | 3935 | (42.7) | 2534 | (43.2) | 855 | (44.4) | 1436 | (42.5) | 243 | (43.6) | 1401 | (41.7) | 284 | (40.2) | 544 | (39.0) | 573 | (45.6) |
| Employment status | ||||||||||||||||||
| Employed | 3841 | (41.7) | 2640 | (45.1) | 799 | (41.5) | 1555 | (46.0) | 286 | (51.3) | 1201 | (35.8) | 227 | (32.1) | 491 | (35.2) | 483 | (38.4) |
| Unemployed | 5225 | (56.7) | 3141 | (53.6) | 1102 | (57.3) | 1776 | (52.6) | 263 | (47.1) | 2084 | (62.1) | 467 | (66.1) | 881 | (63.2) | 736 | (58.6) |
| Unknown | 152 | (1.7) | 79 | (1.4) | 23 | (1.2) | 47 | (1.4) | 9 | (1.6) | 73 | (2.2) | 13 | (1.8) | 22 | (1.6) | 38 | (3.0) |
| Fiscal year of survey participation | ||||||||||||||||||
| FY2013 | 1728 | (18.8) | 583 | (10.0) | 209 | (10.9) | 309 | (9.2) | 65 | (11.7) | 1145 | (34.1) | 165 | (23.3) | 408 | (29.3) | 572 | (45.5) |
| FY2014 | 4204 | (45.6) | 2400 | (41.0) | 737 | (38.3) | 1398 | (41.4) | 265 | (47.5) | 1804 | (53.7) | 444 | (62.8) | 759 | (54.5) | 601 | (47.8) |
| FY2015 | 3286 | (35.7) | 2877 | (49.1) | 978 | (50.8) | 1671 | (49.5) | 228 | (40.9) | 409 | (12.2) | 98 | (13.9) | 227 | (16.3) | 84 | (6.7) |
| Estimated daily salt intake, g/day | ||||||||||||||||||
| >9.77 | 4598 | (49.9) | 2936 | (50.1) | 941 | (48.9) | 1731 | (51.2) | 264 | (47.3) | 1662 | (49.5) | 357 | (50.5) | 689 | (49.4) | 616 | (49.0) |
| ≤9.77 | 4599 | (49.9) | 2916 | (49.8) | 981 | (51.0) | 1641 | (48.6) | 294 | (52.7) | 1683 | (50.1) | 348 | (49.2) | 699 | (50.1) | 636 | (50.6) |
| Unknown | 21 | (0.23) | 8 | (0.1) | 2 | (0.1) | 6 | (0.2) | 0 | (0.0) | 13 | (0.4) | 2 | (0.3) | 6 | (0.4) | 5 | (0.4) |
| Treatment status of hypertension | ||||||||||||||||||
| Under HTTx | 8878 | (96.3) | 5666 | (96.7) | 1862 | (96.8) | 3261 | (96.5) | 543 | (97.3) | 3212 | (95.7) | 671 | (94.9) | 1326 | (95.1) | 1215 | (96.7) |
| Withdrawal from HTTx | 340 | (3.7) | 194 | (3.3) | 62 | (3.2) | 117 | (3.5) | 15 | (2.7) | 146 | (4.3) | 36 | (5.1) | 68 | (4.9) | 42 | (3.3) |
The values in the table are presented as means (standard deviations) for continuous variables and as numbers (percentage) for categorical variables
BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HTTx treatment for hypertension, SBP systolic blood pressure