Fig. 1.

Tumor implantation and chemotherapeutic treatment paradigm. A) Schematic of cancer chemotherapy regimen. Briefly, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups (n = 4/group): saline + saline control (S/S), saline + chemotherapy (S/C), tumor + saline (T/S), and tumor + chemotherapy (T/C). The tumor-bearing mice were injected orthotopically implanted with 1.5 × 10⁶/100 μl in HBSS of murine mammary gland tumor cell line (E0771) at the fourth mammary fat pad. All mice were tested on a delayed spatial alternation task to assess spatial memory before, during, and following all treatments. Locomotor testing was started at day 10 post tumor implantation and continued weekly for four weeks. B) Tumor size and location via ultrasound depicting blood flow (orange) and tumor (green) at 15 days post injection of 1.5 × 10⁶ E0771 murine mammary gland tumor cells in the 4th mammary fat pad. C) Tumor growth was analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Šídák's multiple comparisons test (*<0.05, ***<0.001, ****<0.0001). D) Mice were weighed weekly following tumor implantation and analyzed with mixed-effects analysis, with Tukey's multiple comparisons test (**<0.01, S/S vs. T/C; ##<0.01, T/S vs. T/C; *<0.05, S/C vs. T/S). Unpaired T test with Welches correction was used to compare weights within group to starting weight (@<0.05, T/C week 1 vs. week 2; @@<0.01, T/C week 1 vs. week 3/4; ˆ<0.05, T/S week 1 vs. week 5; ˆˆ<0.01, T/S week 1 vs. week 4). Data representative of two independent experiments.