Table 2.

Included patients, characteristics of penetrating diaphragmatic injury, and reference standard utilized in each study

First author, year of publication	Patients received both CT scan and reference standard (N)	Patients with PDI, confirmed by reference standard (N)	Right-sided injury (%)	Left-sided injury (%)	Bilateral injury (%)	Reference standard
Augustin, 2019	33	14	15.4	84.6	NS	Surgical exploration
Bodanapally, 2009	136	47	NS	mostly left-sided	NS	Surgical exploration
Dreizin, 2013	27	15	40.8	37	22.2	Surgical exploration
Daza-Cajas, 2021	119	36	22.9	55.5	17.6	Surgical exploration
Leung, 2015	17	9	NS	NS	NS	Surgical exploration
Melo, 2011	31	8	NS	NS	NS	Surgical exploration
Stein, 2007	154	50	NS	NS	NS	Surgical exploration
Uhlich, 2018	373	104	NS	NS	NS	Surgical exploration
Yucel, 2015	43	11	0	100	0	Surgical exploration

NS Not specified, N number, PDI Penetrating diaphragmatic injury