Table 2.
Characteristic of pediatric blunt trauma patients and utilization of CT scans in included studies
| Author, Year of publication | Number of included patients | Male (%) | Age (years) | ISS | LOS | Outcomes | CT rates (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | PTC | ATC/MTC | ICU rate (%) | Mortality rate (%) | Overall | Head | Chest | Abdominopelvic | Cervical | Other | |||||
| Wiitala et al., 2022 [1] | 2790 | 1395 | ATC: 1395 |
PTC: 62.2 non-PTC: 60.6 |
9, (4–14) Median, (IQR) |
PTC: 20, (17–26) non-PTC: 21, (17–26) Median, (IQR) |
PTC: 4, (2–8) non-PTC: 4, (2–8) Median, (IQR) |
NS |
PTC: 3.9 non-PTC: 5.1 |
NS |
PTC: 66.3 non-PTC: 66.3 |
PTC: 21.9 non-PTC: 34.7 |
PTC: 39.6 non-PTC: 45.5 |
NA |
PTC: 54.1 non-PTC: 48 |
| Walther et al., 2016 [2] | 11,453 | 5588 | ATC: 5865 |
PTC: 79.2 non-PTC: 77.5 |
PTC: 17.4 ± 1.3 non-PTC: 17.5 ± 1.3 Mean ± SD |
33, (29–38) Median, (IQR) |
PTC: 10, (5–20) non-PTC: 10, (6–20) Median, (IQR) |
NS |
PTC: 8.3 non-PTC: 8.6 |
NS |
PTC: 27.9 non-PTC: 40.5 |
PTC: 22.1 non-PTC: 28 |
PTC: 29.4 non-PTC: 43.1 |
NA | NA |
| Walther et al., 2014 [3] | 4857 | 1680 | ATC: 3177 |
PTC: 71.6 non-PTC: 66.3 |
PTC: 15.9 ± 0.9 non-PTC: 17.6 ± 1.2 Mean ± SD |
PTC: 5, (4–9) non-PTC: 9, (4–14) Median, (IQR) |
NS | NS |
PTC: 0.6 non-PTC: 1.7 |
NS |
PTC: 14.2 non-PTC: 32.3 |
NA |
PTC: 17.2 non-PTC: 24.6 |
NA | NA |
| Brinke et al., 2021 [4] | 253 | 0 | MTC: 253 | 53.4 |
10.4 Mean |
4.6 Mean |
2.2 Mean |
NS | NS | NS | NA | NA | NA | 26.9 | NA |
| Streck et al., 2012 [6] | 125 | 125 | 0 | NS |
8.51 ± 4.97 Mean ± SD |
13.6 ± 10 Mean ± SD |
5.8 Mean |
NS | 4.8 | NA | NA | NA | 77.6 | NA | NA |
| Stephens et al., 2017 [24] | 2951 | 2951 | 0 | 65.0 |
13, (6–16) Median, (IQR) |
9, (4–17) Median, (IQR) |
NS | NS | 2.0 | NA | NA | 50.8 | NA | NA | NA |
| Sharma et al., 2022 [25] | 546 | 0 | ATC: 546 | 68.2 (with CT group) |
16 Mean (with CT group) |
NS | NS | NS | NS | NA | NA | NA | NA | 61.7 | NA |
| Schonfeld et al., 2013 [26] | 1381 | 1381 | 0 | 60.3 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NA | 19.6 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Sathya et al., 2018 [10] | 59,010 | 16,573 |
ATC: 22,695 MTC: 19,742 |
NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
PTC: 43.4 ATC: 55.8 MTC: 56.8 |
PTC: 35.6 ATC: 48.7 MTC: 48.2 |
PTC: 3.3 ATC: 22.5 MTC: 23.1 |
PTC: 13.4 ATC: 31.5 MTC: 31.3 |
NA | NA |
| Plackett et al., 2015 [27] | 2867 | 2867 | 0 | 48.7 (with CT group) |
8, (2–13) Median, (IQR) (with CT group) |
5, (2–6) Median, (IQR) (with CT group) |
2.4 ± 2.5 Mean ± SD (with CT group) |
NS | NS | NA | 22.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Phillips et al., 2021 [11] | 973 | 973 | 0 | 66.1 |
10.9, (7.1, 13.6), (0.01–15.99) Median, (IQR), (Range) |
NS | NS | 2.8 | 0.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 13.4 | NA |
| Pariaszevski et al., 2022 [28] | 463 | 235 | MTC: 228 |
PTC: 66.0 non-PTC: 63.6 |
NS |
PTC: 3 non-PTC: 5 Mean |
NS | NS | NS |
PTC: 55.3 non-PTC: 63.6 |
PTC: 41.3 non-PTC: 52.2 |
PTC: 8.1 non-PTC: 16.7 |
PTC: 13.2 non-PTC: 20.2 |
PTC: 28.9 non-PTC: 41.7 |
PTC: 25.5 non-PTC: 44.7 |
| Odia et al., 2020 [29] | 115 | 115 | 0 | 59.1 |
8, (5–12) Median, (IQR) |
4, (1–6) Median, (IQR) |
NS | NS | NS | NA | NA | NA | 60.0 | NA | NA |
| Nigrovic et al., 2015 [30] | 6856 | 6856 | 0 | 60.4 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NA | 15.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Moore et al., 2013 [31] | 174 | 174 | 0 | 63.2 |
7 ± 5 Mean ± SD |
10 ± 10 Mean ± SD |
NS | NS | 4.0 | 87.9 | 74.7 | 32.2 | 60.3 | 44.8 | NA |
| McGrew et al., 2018 [32] | 1934 | 1934 | 0 | NS |
7.5 ± 4.8 Mean ± SD |
5, (4–10) Median, (IQR) |
2.8 Mean |
21.3 | 1.2 | 49.5 | 50.2 | 14.6 | 34.0 | NA | NA |
| Mahdi et al., 2023 [33] | 424 | 424 | 0 | 63.4 |
8.66 ± 4.75 Mean ± SD |
7.7 ± 8.8 Mean ± SD |
3.6 ± 5.8 Mean ± SD |
NS | NS | NA | 60.4 | 22.4 | 40.3 | 43.9 | NA |
| Schonenberg Llach et al., 2021 [34] | 358 | 0 | MTC: 358 | 61.7 |
8.1 ± 4.4 Mean ± SD |
1.5, (1–8) Median, (IQR) |
NS | NS | NS | NA | NA | NA | NA | 31.8 | NA |
| Livingston et al., 2013 [35] | 153 | NS | MTC: 157 | 73.2 |
9.6 ± 6.1 Mean ± SD |
22.5 ± 9.6 Mean ± SD |
10 Mean |
NS | 9.6 | 84.7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Kuas et al., 2022 [36] | 323 | NR | MTC: 323 | 36.5 |
10, (7–15) Median, (IQR) |
NS | NS | NS | NS | NA | NA | NA | 87.6 | NA | NA |
| Kolousek et al., 2023 [37] | 546 | 0 | ATC: 546 | 67.0 (with CT group) |
16.6 Mean (with CT group) |
17.1 ± 11.7 Mean ± SD (with CT group) |
NS | NS | 3.1 | NA | NA | NA | 59.3 | NA | NA |
| Kim et al., 2005 [38] | 506 | 506 | 0 | NS |
14.49 ± 16.22 Mean ± SD |
7.91 ± 7.89 Mean ± SD |
NS | NS | NS | 62.1 | 55.3 | NA | 28.1 | 21.7 | 8.3 |
| Holmes et al., 2017 [39] | 925 | 925 | 0 | 64.3 | 9.7 ± 5.3 | NS | NS | 16.4 | NS | 53.5 | NA | NA | 53.5 | 1.7 | NA |
| Haasz et al., 2015 [40] | 1121 | 1121 | 0 | 63.0 |
9, (2–17) Median, (Range) |
NS | NS | NS | 2.3 | NA | NA | 48.7 | NA | NA | |
| Golden et al., 2016 [41] | 1035 | 1035 | 0 | 64.4 |
7.1 ± 4.7 Mean ± SD |
NS | NS | NS | 1.2 | NA | NA | 13.4 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gaffley et al., 2020 [42] | 998 | 998 | 0 | 62.8 | NS |
5, (2–9) Median, (IQR) |
2, (1–3) Median, (IQR) |
NS | NS | 42.1 | NA | 42.1 | NA | NA | |
| Edwards et al., 2021 [43] | 735 | 735 | 0 | NS |
6.9 ± 4.6 Mean ± SD |
6.5 Mean |
2.5 ± 7 Mean ± SD |
NS | NS | 57.8 | 45.7 | 23.1 | 26.9 | 34.8 | NA |
| Downie et al., 2023 [44] | 1056 | 1056 | 0 | 64.2 |
8, (1 day-17) Median, (Range) |
(0–59) Range |
NS | NS | NS | NA | NA | 19.0 | NA | NA | NA |
| Brinkman et al., 2015 [45] | 321 | 321 | 0 | 63.9 |
10.5 ± 1.2 Mean ± SD |
4, (2–9) Median, (IQR) |
NS | 24.0 | NS | 27.1 | 8.7 | 6.5 | 20.9 | NA | NA |
| Beno et al., 2022 [46] | 804 | 804 | 0 | 63.3 | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NA | NA | NA | 39.2 | NA | NA |
ATC Adult trauma center, IQR InterQuartile Range, ISS Injury Severity Score, LOS Length of Hospital Stay, MTC Mixed Trauma Center, NA Not Available, NS Not Specified, PL1&2 PTC: Pediatric Trauma Center, SD Standard Deviation