Table 2.

Chemical constituents of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.

No.	Chemical component		reference
Alkaloids
1	Choline		[5]
2	Guanosine		[5]
3	Thymidine		[5]
4	Inosine		[5]
5	Trigonelline		[5]
6	Uridine		[5]
7	Adenine		[6]
8	Adenosine		[6]
9	3alpha-amino-5alpha-pregnan-20-one		[6]
10	2-Pentylpyridine		[6]
11	(2R,3S,4S,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-(2-hydroxytridecyl)-3,4-Piperidinediol		[6]
12	N-Benzylidenemethylamine		[6]
13	N-Ethylaniline		[6]
14	Cytidine		[7]
15	Cyclo-(Phe-Tyr)		[8]
16	Cyclo-(Leu-Tyr)		[8]
17	Cyclo-(Val-Tyr)		[8]
18	2′-deoxyuridine		[8]
19	Noopept		[9]
20	Cyclo-pro-ile		[9]
21	Cyclo-pro-val		[4]
22	l-ephedrine		[10]
23	Cavidine		[7]
24	9-((5-methoxypyridin-2-yl) methyl)-9 H-purin-6-amine		[11]
25	4-(2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) ethyl) phenyl acetate		[11]
26	N-(9-((5-methoxypyridin-2-yl) methyl)-9 H-purin-6-yl) acetamide		[11]
27	Guanine		[12]
28	Nicotine		[12]
29	Uracil		[12]
30	Nicotinamide		[12]
31	tryptophan		[12]
Volatile oil
32	n-Butyl vinyl ether	[13]
33	Methyl alpha-chloroacrylate	[13]
34	Ethyl palmitate	[13]
35	Benzaldehyde	[13]
36	2-Methylpiperazine	[13]
37	2-Undecanone	[13]
38	Cis-Anethol	[13]
39	Citral	[13]
40	Octene	[13]
41	Beta-elemene	[13]
42	Valeraldehyde oxime	[13]
43	Beta-Eudesmol	[13]
44	2-Amylfuran	[13]
45	3,4-Dihydro-2-Methoxy-2H-Pyran	[13]
46	Nonan-3-one	[13]
47	Dibutyl phthalate	[13]
48	Butylbenzene	[13]
49	2,4-dimethylfuran	[13]
50	Dodecane	[13]
51	Cis-4-decenal	[13]
52	Vinylcyclohexane	[13]
53	Anisic acid	[13]
54	Furfural	[13]
55	Octadecane	[13]
56	(+)-Aromadendrene	[13]
57	Cyclohexanol,5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-	[13]
58	Butylated Hydroxytoluene	[13]
59	Cyclohexane	[13]
60	Bisabolene	[13]
61	2,6,10-Trimethyldodecane	[13]
62	Dipentene	[13]
63	Citronellal	[13]
64	2-Methylnonane	[13]
65	Allyl 2-ethylbutyrate	[13]
66	6-Methyl-2-heptanone	[13]
67	3-Nonyne	[13]
68	2,5-Dimethyltetradecane	[14]
69	Pulegone	[14]
70	Octahydro-4α-5-dimethyl-3-isopropyl-naphthalene	[14]
71	1,5-Pentadiol	[14]
72	3-Methyleicosane	[14]
73	Heptadecanoic acid	[17]
74	Terpineol	[20]
75	Octadeca-9,12-dienoicacidethylester	[21]
76	(E)-β-farnesene	[21]
77	5-methyl-1,3-dimethoxybenzene	[25]
78	3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene	[25]
79	2-pentyl furan	[25]
80	2-acethyl-3-methyl-pyrazine	[25]
81	trimethyl pyrazine	[25]
82	2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine	[25]
83	nopinone	[25]
84	borneol	[25]
85	7-isopropylidenenorcarane	[25]
86	cyclosativene	[25]
87	α-ylangene	[25]
88	β-cubebene	[25]
89	α-gurjunene	[25]
90	β-caryophyllene	[25]
91	β-cedrene	[25]
92	α-humulene	[25]
93	β-selinene	[25]
94	α-neocallitropsene	[25]
95	9H-fluorene	[25]
96	β-caryophyllene oxide	[25]
Amino acids
97	dl-Threonine	[15]
98	Serinic acid	[15]
99	l-glutamic acid	[15]
100	Glycine	[15]
101	Alanine	[15]
102	Cystine	[15]
103	Valine	[15]
104	l-Methionine	[15]
105	D-tert-Leucine	[15]
106	Boc-D-Tyr-OH	[15]
107	l-Lysine	[15]
108	l-Histidine	[15]
109	Argininic acid	[15]
110	Proline	[15]
111	l-isoleucine	[15]
112	Phenylalanine	[15]
113	Magnesium 2-aminosuccinate hydrate	[15]
114	N-[(tert-Butoxy) carbonyl]-d-tryptophan	[15]
115	DL-3-aminobutyric acid	[15]
116	N-dodecanoyl-l- serine	[16]
117	3-Amino-2-naphthoic acid	[16]
118	N- ([dodecyloxy] carbonyl] valine	[16]
119	Glutathione	[16]
120	p-hydroxycinnamic acid	[25]
Organic acids
121	Nonanoic acid, 9-oxo-	[17]
122	Pentadecanoic acid	[17]
123	7-Hexadecenoic acid	[17]
124	Hexadecanoic acid	[17]
125	9-Hexadecenoic acid	[17]
126	Hexadecenoic acid	[17]
127	8-Octadecenoic acid	[17]
128	Oleic acid	[17]
129	Octadecanoic acid	[17]
130	Linoleic acid	[17]
131	11-Eicosenoic acid	[17]
132	Eicosanoic acid	[17]
133	10,13-Eicosadienoic acid	[17]
134	Docosanoic acid	[17]
135	Heptacosane	[17]
136	Ethyl stearate	[17]
137	Pentacosane	[17]
138	Succinic acid	[18]
139	9(S),12(S),13(S)-Trihydroxy-10(E)-Octadecenoic acid	[19]
140	N-Acetyl-l-glutamic acid	[18]
141	3-Amino-2-naphthoic acid	[12]
142	Gondoic acid	[12]
143	Dicarboxylic Acid	[12]
144	E-P-coumarol	[20]
145	Homogentisic acid	[21]
146	Caffeic acid	[21]
147	Vanillic acid	[21]
148	3-Phenylpropionic acid	[21]
149	12-Octadecadienoic acid	[22]
150	Palmitic acid	[22]
151	Protocatechualdehyde	[21]
152	6-Shogaol	[21]
153	Ferulic acid	[21]
154	Chrysophanic acid	[21]
155	Oleyl glycine	[16]
156	6-gingerol	[25]
157	α-tripalmitin	[25]
Flavonoids
158	Daidzein	[12]
159	(3R)-2,3-Dihydro-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(4-methoxyphenyl) methyl]-6,8-dimethyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	[12]
160	Apiin	[12]
161	7- Methyl apigenin	[12]
162	6-Aldehydo-isoophipogonone B	[23]
163	Baicalin	[24]
164	Baicalein	[23]
165	6C-β-d-Xylopyraose-8C-β-d-galactopyranosyl-5,7,4′-three hydroxyl flavone	[23]
166	6C-β-d-Galactopyranosyl-8C-β-d-xylopyraose-5,7,4′-three hydroxyl flavone	[23]
167	6C-β-Galactose-8C-β-arabinose-5,7,4′-three hydroxyl flavone	[23]
168	6C-β-Arabinose-8C-β-galactose-5,7,4′-three hydroxyl Flavone	[23]
Cerebrosides
169	Soyacerebroside I	[24]
170	Soyacerebroside II	[24]
171	1-O-glucosyl-N-2′-acetoxypalmitoyl-4,8-sphingodienine	[23]
172	1-O-glucosyl-N-2′-hydroxypalmitoyl-4,8-sphingodienine	[23]
173	1-O-glucosyl-N-2′-acetoxystearoyl-4,8-sphingodienine	[23]
174	1-O-glucosyl-N-2′-hydroxystearoyl-4,8-sphingodienine	[23]
175	1-O-glucosyl-N-2′-palmitoyl-4,8-sphingodienine	[23]
176	1-O-glucosyl-N-2′-hydroxyeicosanoyl-4,8-sphingodienine	[23]
177	Pinelloside	[23]
Phenylpropanoids
178	(E)-Coniferin	[20]
179	Sachaliside 1	[20]
180	3,4-Dihydroxycinnamyl alcohol	[20]
181	(+)-Isolariciresinol	[20]
182	Tiliamuroside A	[20]
183	Wheat sterol	[20]
184	Lariciresinol 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	[20]
185	Terpineol -4-O-β-D- glucoside	[20]
186	Erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4′-sinapyl ether	[20]
187	Americanol A	[20]
188	Dehydrodocosanol-9-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	[20]
189	Dehydrodocosanol-9′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside	[20]
190	Dehydrodocosanol-4,9-di-O-β-D-glucoside	[20]
191	Neoolivil	[20]
192	cyclolignanyingoside A	[25]
193	Neo-olivil	[25]
194	Cinnacassoside A	[25]
Others
195	Isochrysin 9-O-β-d- glucopyranoside	[20]
196	Dehydrodocosanol 4-O-β-d- glucopyranoside	[20]
197	erythritol	[25]
198	gingerol	[25]
199	ammonium glycyrrhizinate	[25]
200	Cinnamon A	[20]
201	Verti-cillatoside A	[20]
202	Daucosterol	[25]
203	Campesterol	[25]
204	Stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol	[25]
205	Stigmasta-5,24-dien-3-ol	[25]
206	Cycloartanol	[25]
207	5-Hydroxymethylfurfural	[21]
208	Beta-sitosterol	[21]
209	Eleutheroside A	[22]
210	1,3,12-Nonadecatriene	[22]
211	α-monpalmitin	[22]
212	Pyrrolidine,1-(1-oxo-7,10-hexadecadienyl)	[22]