Table 3.

Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. extraction methods.

Active ingredients	Extraction method	Extraction reagent	Extraction temperature (°C)	Extraction time (h)	Material to liquid ratio (mL/g) Material-to-liquid ratio (mL/g)	Number of extractions	Extraction rate (%) extraction rate	References
Polysaccharide	Two-phase extraction method	PEG 6000, (NH4)2SO4	\	44 min	1:1.77	\	44.76 %	[33]
Alkaloids	Chloroform extraction	Chloroform, 12 % ammonia water	60 °C	25 h	18.00	6	4.56 %	[34]
Alkaloids	Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction	Chloroform, 12 % ammonia water	80 °C	4 h	18.00	6	4.51 %	[34]
Total flavonoids	ethanol extraction	62.54 % ethanol	62.72 °C	2.61 h	1:47.10	\	8.91 %	[35]
Polysaccharide	Water extraction and alcohol precipitation	70 % ethanol	70 °C	1 h	1:30	3	13.68 %	[36]
Guanosine	Ultrasonic extraction	water	\	2.25 h	1:10	3	16.4 %	[37]

Polysaccharide	Compound Enzyme Extraction	complex enzyme	54 °C	57 min	1:27	\	27.98 %	[38]
Polysaccharide	Cellulase method	95 % ethanol	55 °C	35 h	The amount of enzyme added is 4 %	\	71.75 %	[39]
Total free organic acids	heating reflow method	75 % ethanol	\	1 h	1:10	2	0.19 %	[40]
Polysaccharide	Ultrasonic extraction	water	\	\	1:12	3	33.3 %	[41]
Total flavonoids	Ultrasonic extraction	50 % ethanol	\	\	1:30	\	1.84 %	[42]