Table 5.
Decomposition of the school performance variance in raw and standardized estimates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) in the causal regression model with A confounding.
| Variance components of school performance | Raw estimate | Proportion of variance (95% CIs) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Causal due to self-control (SC) | bSP,SC2*(σ2Asc + σ2Dsc + σ2Esc) | 0.333 | 0.0284 (0.019–0.051) |
| Causal due to grit | bSP,Grit2*(σ2AGrit + σ2DGrit + σ2EGrit) | 0.032 | 0.0027 (0.001–0.011) |
| Causal due to covariance SC-grit | 2*bSP,SC*bSP,Grit*(σAsc,Grit + σDsc,Grit + σEsc,Grit) | 0.148 | 0.0126 (0.007–0.208) |
| Confounding due to A | 2*bSP,SC*σASC,SP + 2*bSP,Grit* σAGrit,SP | 1.457 | 0.124 (0.101–0.134) |
| Residual (res) variance | σ2Ares + σ2Dres + σ2Eres | 9.769 | 0.832 (0.816–0.868) |
| Total | σ2SP | 11.739 | 1 |