TABLE 4.

Factors conducive to and barriers against confirmatory testing for AD, as reported by country: Physician/payer survey insights.

	US	UK	France	Spain	Germany	China
Patients likely to be prioritized for confirmatory testing
Atypical patient (i.e. young)	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Needs confirmation through amyloid specifically (i.e. legal/social care reasons)	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Patient willing to pay privately	✔					✔
Required for medication selection	✔
Barriers to receiving confirmatory testing
Unavailable					✔	✔
Expensive				✔	✔	✔
Long queues for PET scans; system overburdened				✔
CSF testing very invasive; burden for old patients particularly	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Confirmatory testing not perceived mandatory for diagnosis	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Not part of current diagnosing algorithm	✔
No treatment available; no need for expensive/invasive diagnosing			✔
Lack of training in interpreting results	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔
Lack of time on the HCP part (can diagnose without)	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔	✔

Note: Initial qualitative physician/payer survey (fieldwork: November 16 to December 3, 2021).

Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; HCP, healthcare professional; PET, positron emission tomography; UK, United Kingdom, US, United States.