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. 2023 Nov 24;14(11):445–458. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v14.i11.445

Table 2.

High-risk factors of breast cancer brain metastasis

Item Univariate Cox
Multivariate Cox
HR (95%CI)
P
HR (95%CI)
P
Age at diagnosis of BC (yr)
≤ 35 Reference
> 35 0.008 (0-1.89) 0.083
Menstrual status at diagnosis of BC
Premenopause Reference
Menopause 1.29 (0.52-3.20) 0.59
Family history of cancer
None Reference
Yes 0.62 (0.26-1.44) 0.26
Lymph node stage
N0-N1 Reference
N2-N3 2.77 (1.40-5.48) 0.004 NS
Tumor size
T1-T2 Reference
T3-T4 1.44 (0.65-3.15) 0.37
Tumor stage at the initial diagnosis
I-II Reference
III-IV 3.84 (1.89-7.78) < 0.001 5.58 (1.99-15.68) 0.001
ER
Negative Reference
Positive 0.49 (0.27-0.87) 0.015 NS
PR
Negative Reference
Positive 0.36 (0.18-0.69) 0.002 NS
Molecular type
Luminal A type Reference
Luminal B type 3.95 (1.71-9.14) 0.001 5.36 (1.61-17.76) 0.006
HER2-overexpression type 4.01 (1.61-9.96) 0.003 5.0 (1.30-19.25) 0.019
Triple-negative type 4.34 (1.55-12.11) 0.005 NS NS
Pathological type
Others Reference
Invasive ductal carcinoma 1.83 (0.83-4.05) 0.14
Invasive lobular carcinoma 1.31 (0.22-7.69) 0. 77
Surgical treatment
Others Reference
Modified radical mastectomy 0.48 (0.26-0.90) 0.021 NS
Bone metastasis
No Reference
Yes 7.19 (3.13-16.52) < 0.001 NS
Liver metastasis
No Reference
Yes 7.44 (2.77-20.01) < 0.001 NS
Lung metastasis
No Reference
Yes 15.87 (5.61-44.89) < 0.001 24.18 (6.40-91.43) < 0.001
Number of liver, lung and bone metastases
< 2 Reference
≥ 2 17.78 (5.38-58.73) < 0.001 NS
Number of metastases to other sites
< 2 Reference
≥ 2 7.33 (2.05-26.27) 0.002 NS

95%CI: 95% confidence interval; NS: Not statistically significant; HR: Hazard ratio; ER: Estrogen receptor; PR: Progesterone receptor; BC: Breast Cancer; HER2: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2.