Table 2.
Bivariate analysis of infant and hospital factors with HRIF participation
| Not seen in HRIF (N=10790) | Seen in HRIF (N=8721) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number or mean | Percent or Standard Deviation | Number or mean | Percent or Standard Deviation | p-value | |
| Maternal Race | |||||
| White | 4877 | 45.2% | 4600 | 52.8% | <0.001 |
| Black | 3759 | 34.8% | 2587 | 29.7% | |
| Hispanic | 1557 | 14.4% | 1118 | 12.8% | |
| Asian | 339 | 3.1% | 300 | 3.4% | |
| Native American | 95 | 0.9% | 52 | 0.6% | |
| Other | 155 | 1.4% | 64 | 0.7% | |
| Infant factors | |||||
| Gestational age (weeks) | 26.3 | (1.9) | 26.0 | (1.8) | <0.001 |
| SGA (<10%ile) | 1691 | 15.7% | 1316 | 15.1% | 0.27 |
| Male | 5543 | 51.4% | 4417 | 50.7% | 0.29 |
| Multiple gestation | 2499 | 23.2% | 2354 | 27.0% | <0.001 |
| Inborn | 8439 | 78.2% | 7362 | 84.5% | <0.001 |
| Presence of NICU co-morbidity | |||||
| IVH grade 3–4 | 1035 | 9.6% | 797 | 9.1% | 0.24 |
| Periventricular leukomalacia | 417 | 3.9% | 338 | 3.9% | 0.98 |
| Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia | 4748 | 44.0% | 4116 | 47.2% | 0.001 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 737 | 6.8% | 536 | 6.2% | 0.052 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis requiring surgery | 579 | 5.4% | 419 | 4.8% | 0.074 |
| Focal intestinal perforation | 443 | 4.1% | 353 | 4.1% | 0.83 |
| Severe ROP | 1357 | 13.1% | 1290 | 15.1% | <0.001 |
| PDA requiring surgical ligation | 1615 | 15.0% | 1522 | 17.5% | <0.001 |
| Need for durable medical equipment at discharge | |||||
| Gastrostomy or Jejunostomy tube | 723 | 3.7% | 551 | 6.3% | 0.27 |
| Home oxygen | 2754 | 28.7% | 2351 | 28.6% | 0.96 |
| Tracheostomy/Tracheotomy | 199 | 1.9% | 137 | 1.6% | 0.14 |
| Apnea/Cardiorespiratory monitoring | 3747 | 39.0% | 3580 | 43.6% | <0.001 |
| Hospital factors (N=58) | |||||
| Hospital type | |||||
| Government-Owned | 864 | 8.0% | 945 | 10.8% | 0.33 |
| Non-Profit | 7955 | 73.7% | 6938 | 79.6% | |
| Private | 1303 | 12.1% | 490 | 5.6% | |
| Other | 663 | 6.1% | 339 | 3.9% | |
| Academic Hospital | 7296 | 67.6% | 6215 | 71.3% | 0.63 |
| Number of ELBW admissions annually | |||||
| Lowest Quintile (Q1) | 529 | 4.9% | 545 | 6.3% | 0.76 |
| Middle Quintiles (Q2-Q4) | 6996 | 64.8% | 5176 | 59.4% | |
| Highest Quintile (Q5) | 3266 | 30.3% | 2991 | 34.3% | |
| % White ELBW admissions | |||||
| Lowest Quintile (Q1) | 1973 | 18.3% | 1064 | 12.2% | 0.092 |
| Middle Quintiles (Q2-Q4) | 2693 | 25.0% | 5915 | 67.9% | |
| Highest Quintile (Q5) | 1419 | 13.2% | 1733 | 19.9% | |
p-value for maternal race, infant factors, presence of NICU co-morbidity, and need for durable equipment at discharge computed using Chi square test or Student’s t test for categorical or continuous variables respectively. P-value for hospital factors computed using generalized linear models accounting for hospital-level clustering