Table 1. Patient Characteristics.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AO exposed (n = 170 090) | AO not exposed (n = 126 413) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 21.62 (3.49) | 21.94 (4.06) | <.001 |
| Race | |||
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 1688 (1.1) | 1153 (1.0) | <.001 |
| Asian | 648 (0.4) | 724 (0.6) | |
| Black or African American | 22 767 (14.4) | 21 575 (18.7) | |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 1461 (0.9) | 1198 (1.0) | |
| White | 131 552 (83.2) | 90 993 (78.7) | |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 9503 (5.8) | 6040 (5.0) | <.001 |
| Nonliver-related comorbidities | |||
| Smoking | 146 061 (85.8) | 109 689 (86.8) | <.001 |
| Obesity | 110 025 (64.7) | 81 334 (64.4) | .06 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 91 421 (53.8) | 68 769 (54.4) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 148 309 (87.2) | 110 664 (87.5) | .005 |
| Dyslipidemia | 149 976 (88.2) | 110 508 (87.4) | <.001 |
| HIV | 46 310 (27.2) | 37 062 (29.3) | <.001 |
| Liver-related comorbidities | |||
| Ethanol use or alcohol liver disease | 71 951 (42.3) | 54 147 (42.8) | .004 |
| Virus hepatitis (HBV, HCV) | 58 942 (34.7) | 47 722 (37.8) | <.001 |
| NAFLD/NASH | 20914 (12.3) | 15 847 (12.5) | .05 |
| Hemochromatosis | 1726 (1.01) | 1279 (1.01) | .96 |
| Alpha-1-antitrypsin | 1946 (1.14) | 1568 (1.2) | .02 |
| Autoimmune liver disease | 924 (0.5) | 750 (0.6) | .07 |
| Secondary or unspecific biliary cirrhosis | 166 (0.1) | 140 (0.1) | .27 |
| Wilson disease | 48 (0.03) | 36 (0.03) | .97 |
| Cirrhosis | 19 266 (11.3) | 16 611 (13.1) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: AO, agent orange; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.