Table 2. Univariable and Multivariable Models for HCC Development With Liver Transplantation and Death as Competing Events.
| Characteristic | Noncirrhosis (n = 260 628) | Cirrhosis (n = 35 877)a | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable, HR (95% CI)b | P value | Multivariable, aHR (95% CI) | P value | Univariable, HR (95% CI)b | P value | Multivariable, aHR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Agent Orange | 0.95 (0.81-1.11) | .52 | NA | NA | 0.98 (0.92-1.09) | .98 | NA | NA |
| Age (at deployment) | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | .31 | 1.02 (1.00-1.04) | .04 | 0.89 (0.87-0.91) | <.001 | 0.96 (0.95-0.98) | <.001 |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.50 (1.22-1.83) | <.001 | NA | NA | 1.40 (1.26-1.56) | <.001 | 1.18 (1.05-1.32) | .004 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1.21 (0.88-1.66) | .25 | NA | NA | 1.93 (1.67-2.22) | <.001 | 1.51 (1.30-1.75) | <.001 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA | 1 [Reference] | NA |
| Smoking | 1.64 (1.25-2.16) | <.001 | NA | NA | 1.27 (1.05-1.53) | .015 | NA | NA |
| Obesity | 1.25 (1.06-1.48) | .009 | NA | NA | 0.89 (0.81-0.98) | .013 | NA | NA |
| Viral hepatitis | 3.10 (2.64-3.64) | <.001 | 2.42 (2.04-2.87) | <.001 | 5.68 (5.00-6.46) | <.001 | 3.71 (3.26-4.24) | <.001 |
| Alcohol liver disease | 1.27 (1.05-1.43) | .001 | NA | NA | 2.04 (1.84-2.25) | <.001 | 1.32 (1.19-1.46) | <.001 |
| NASH/NAFLDc | 5.77 (4.88-6.81) | <.001 | 2.39 (1.92-2.98) | <.001 | 4.28 (3.89-4.70) | <.001 | 1.92 (1.72-2.15) | <.001 |
| HIV | 1.37 (1.16-1.61) | <.001 | NA | NA | 1.28 (1.17-1.40) | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Autoimmune hepatitisd | 5.40 (2.97-9.83) | <.001 | NA | NA | 2.20 (1.81-2.68) | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Hemochromatosis | 2.72 (1.63-4.54) | <.001 | 1.73 (1.03-2.91) | .04 | 2.12 (1.74-2.59) | <.001 | 1.32 (1.08-1.63) | .008 |
| Alpha-1-antitrypsin | 2.68 (1.57-4.55) | <.001 | 1.74 (1.02-2.98) | .04 | 1.69 (1.42-2.01) | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Secondary or unspecific biliary cirrhosise | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3.37 (2.54-4.47) | <.001 | NA | NA |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.72 (0.58-0.90) | .004 | 0.46 (0.36-0.58) | <.001 | 0.37 (0.33-0.41) | <.001 | 0.46 (0.41-0.51) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 2.15 (1.64-2.82) | <.001 | 1.63 (1.23-2.15) | <.001 | 1.11 (0.95-1.29) | .20 | NA | NA |
| Diabetesf | 1.73 (1.47-2.05) | <.001 | 1.52 (1.13-2.05) | .005 | 1.02 (0.93-1.12) | .65 | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
a
Cirrhosis defined using validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision and consecutive Fibrosis-4 scores.
b
Adjusting for age at deployment and race and ethnicity.
c
Combined NAFLD and NASH in multivariable model.
d
Combined HCV and HBV.
e
No cases in the noncirrhosis group.
f
Obesity and diabetes interactions assessed which was not significant in multivariable model.