. 2023 Oct 4;12:58. Originally published 2023 Jan 13. [Version 2] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.127368.2

Table 1. Exosomal components in the biology of potentially malignant oral disorders.

Oral leukoplakia
Exosomal component	Target/tissue	Biological function
Exosomal -miR-185 from Mesenchymal stem cells. ²⁵	Buccal lesions in DMBA induces OPMD.	Increased the severity of inflammation. Decreased the number of dysplastic features.

Oral submucous fibrosis
Exosomal component	Target/tissue	Biological function
Human Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosome. ²⁶	Acts on TGF -β1.	• Reversed the upregulation of Collagen I and Collagen III that is induced by TGF- β1. • Downregulation of COLIA 1 and COL3A I mRNA. • Upregulation of MMP1 and MMP3. • Reversed the upregulation of phosphorylation of p38 that is induced by TGF-.
Exosomal long non-coding RNA ADAMT S 9 -AS2. ²⁷	Acts on the p13K-AKT-Signaling pathway. Acts on the Epithelial – Mesenchymal transition pathway. Act on the metabolic pathways.	• Suppresses the malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis • Can also inhibit the cell growth, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Oral Lichen Planus
Exosomal component	Target/tissue	Biological function
miR-4484. (upregulated). ³⁰	Translation of several genes.	Immune reaction or represents a protective mechanism against a pathological stimulus.