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. 2023 Nov 20;9:e41207. doi: 10.2196/41207

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©Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Farhana Khanam, Faisal Ahmmed, Xinxue Liu, Md Taufiqul Islam, Deok Ryun Kim, Sophie SY Kang, Justin Im, Fahima Chowdhury, Tasnuva Ahmed, Asma Binte Aziz, Masuma Hoque, Juyeon Park, Gideok Pak, Hyon Jin Jeon, Khalequ Zaman, Ashraful Islam Khan, Jerome H Kim, Florian Marks, Firdausi Qadri, John D Clemens. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org), 20.11.2023.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://publichealth.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Decision tree defining “Better” and “Not Better” household WASH using 3 binary WASH variables collected at first census. The figures within the parentheses in the final boxes of the decision tree indicate the proportion of individuals who tested positive for typhoid fever. Out of 40,329 households, 18 (0.0446%) experienced 2 typhoid episodes. Among these, 13 out of 28,230 (0.046%) were from households categorized as Not Better WASH, while 5 out of 12,099 (0.0413%) were from households categorized as Better WASH. WASH: water, sanitation, and hygiene.