Table 1.
Characteristics of sample by level of cognitive impairment.
| - | Total | MCI | AD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=372 | Cases (N=26) | Controls (N=102) | p-value * | Cases (N=51) | Controls (N=193) | p-value† | |
| Sex, n (%) | - | - | - | 0.94 | - | - | 0.82 |
| Male | 130 (34.9%) | 11 (42.3%) | 44 (43.1%) | - | 15 (29.4%) | 60 (31.1%) | - |
| Female | 242 (65.1%) | 15 (57.7%) | 58 (56.9%) | - | 36 (70.6%) | 133 (68.9%) | - |
| Mean age (SD) | 74.5 (8.1) | 72.7 (9.3) | 72.5 (9.5) | 0.95 | 76.0 (6.6) | 75.4 (7.3) | 0.61 |
| Education, n (%) | - | - | - | 0.99 | - | - | 0.98 |
| Less than college | 117 (31.5%) | 7 (26.9%) | 26 (25.5%) | - | 18 (35.3%) | 66 (34.2%) | - |
| College | 150 (40.3%) | 9 (34.6%) | 36 (35.3%) | - | 22 (43.1%) | 83 (43.0%) | - |
| Greater than college | 105 (28.2%) | 10 (38.5%) | 40 (39.2%) | - | 11 (21.6%) | 44 (22.8%) | - |
| Mean MMSE (SD)^ | 27.1 (3.6) | 26.5 (2.1) | 28.3 (1.4) | <0.001 | 20.2 (4.8) | 28.5 (1.4) | <0.001 |
| cVEMP, n (%)‡ | - | - | - | 0.03 | - | - | <0.001 |
| Normal Function | 136 (44.0%) | 9 (34.6%) | 49 (58.3%) | - | 7 (14.6%) | 71 (47.0%) | - |
| Abnormal Function | 173 (56.0%) | 17 (65.4%) | 35 (41.7%) | - | 41 (85.4%) | 80 (53.0%) | - |
| oVEMP, n (%)§ | - | - | - | 0.008 | - | - | <0.001 |
| Normal Function | 227 (73.9%) | 13 (52.0%) | 70 (78.7%) | - | 21 (51.2%) | 123 (80.9%) | - |
| Abnormal Function | 80 (26.1%) | 12 (48.0%) | 19 (21.3%) | - | 20 (48.8%) | 29 (19.1%) | - |
| Mean VOR gain (SD)¶ | 0.93 (0.16) | 0.84 (0.16) | 0.94 (0.14) | 0.008 | 0.93 (0.17) | 0.95 (0.16) | 0.53 |
*
p-values are from bivariate statistics comparing MCI cases and matched controls.
†
p-values are from bivariate statistics comparing AD cases and matched controls.
^
334 participants completed MMSE (261 controls, 26 MCI, and 47 AD).
‡
309 participants completed cVEMP testing (235 controls, 26 MCI, and 48 AD).
§
307 participants completed oVEMP testing (241 controls, 25 MCI, and 41 AD).
¶
282 participants completed VOR testing (221 controls, 23 MCI, and 38 AD).