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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2023 Nov 2;240(Pt 2):117523. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117523

Table 1:

Distribution of dust OPEs and RBFRs and Urinary OPEs (N = 342)

Exposure Parent Compound LOD or machine reading limita % Detected GM (SE) 5th-95th percentile
Dust concentrations (μg/g dust)
 TCEP TCEP 0.10 78.8 0.67 (0.07) 0.06 – 9.31
 TCIPP TCIPP 0.10 97.4 2.05 (0.17) 0.23 – 22.56
 TDCIPP TDCIPP 0.10 97.4 1.87 (0.15) 0.25 – 13.20
 TPHP TPHP 0.10 98.2 1.29 (0.10) 0.17 – 11.19
 EH-TBB EH-TBB 0.002 100.0 0.06 (0.004) 0.01 – 0.57
 BEH-TEBP BEH-TEBP 0.002 100.0 0.14 (0.01) 0.02 – 0.73
Dust loadings (mg/m2)
 TCEP TCEP 0.15 (0.02) 0.01 – 3.34
 TCIPP TCIPP 0.45 (0.04) 0.06 – 9.24
 TDCIPP TDCIPP 0.41 (0.04) 0.04 – 5.73
 TPHP TPHP 0.28 (0.02) 0.03 – 2.41
 EH-TBB EH-TBB 0.01 (0.001) 0.001 – 0.16
 BEH-TEBP BEH-TEBP 0.03 (0.003) 0.003 – 0.25
Urinary OPEs (ug/L)
 At 16 weeks gestation
  BCEP TCEP 0.10 88.5 0.54 (0.04) 0.07 – 5.19
  BCIPP TCIPP 0.10 32.7
  BDCIPP TDCIPP 0.10 95.7 0.69 (0.04) 0.11 – 4.72
  DPHP TPHP 0.10 98.9 1.54 (0.10) 0.23 – 9.70
 At 26 weeks gestation
  BCEP TCEP 0.10 84.1 0.50 (0.04) 0.07 – 7.45
  BCIPP TCIPP 0.10 18.8
  BDCIPP TDCIPP 0.10 89.4 0.54 (0.04) 0.07 – 4.85
  DPHP TPHP 0.10 97.6 1.10 (0.08) 0.15 – 6.16
 At delivery
  BCEP TCEP 0.10 87.5 0.54 (0.04) 0.07 – 7.09
  BCIPP TCIPP 0.10 12.5
  BDCIPP TDCIPP 0.10 92.5 0.62 (0.05) 0.07 – 5.83
  DPHP TPHP 0.10 99.4 1.52 (0.10) 0.23 – 11.26
 Average
  BCEP TCEP 0.10 0.72 (0.05) 0.13 – 6.98
  BCIPP TCIPP 0.10
  BDCIPP TDCIPP 0.10 0.81 (0.05) 0.16 – 4.55
  DPHP TPHP 0.10 1.79 (0.09) 0.46 – 7.31

Abbreviations: GM: geometric mean, SE: standard error, TCEP: tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, TCIPP: tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, TDCIPP: tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate, TPHP: triphenyl phosphate, EH-TBB: 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate, BEH-TBP: bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate; BCEP: bis-2-chloroethyl phosphate, BCIPP: bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate, BDCIPP: bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, DPHP: diphenyl phosphate. Urinary OPEs adjusted for specific gravity.

a

LOD used for OPEs or machine reading limits used for RBFRs