Table II.
Summary of variables used in analysis (BEACON study; N=258).
| Care provision: n (%) | No | Yes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Doctor/ER accompaniment | 82 (32) | 176 (68) | |||
| Money/bills | 79 (31) | 179 (69) | |||
| Transportation | 63 (24) | 195 (76) | |||
| Errands | 73 (28) | 185 (72) | |||
| Hospital visit | 101 (39) | 150 (58) | |||
| Personal care | 148 (57) | 109 (42) | |||
| Help with medications | 112 (43) | 146 (57) | |||
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| |||||
| Care-related primary stress (make caregiving difficult): n (%) | Never | Some | A lot | ||
| Recipient’s behavior | 114 (44) | 109 (42) | 35 (14) | ||
| Recipient’s amount of needs | 133 (52) | 100 (39) | 25 (10) | ||
| Financial limitations | 90 (35) | 132 (51) | 36 (14) | ||
| Time limitations | 130 (50) | 108 (42) | 20 (08) | ||
| Care of other people | 139 (54) | 98 (38) | 21 (08) | ||
| Recipient not telling when sick | 113 (44) | 101 (39) | 44 (17) | ||
| Recipient keep HIV secret | 177 (69) | 45 (17) | 36 (14) | ||
| Conflict with recipient’s friends | 176 (68) | 52 (20) | 30 (12) | ||
| Conflict with recipient’s family | 191 (74) | 48 (19) | 19 (07) | ||
| Conflict over recipient’s children | 191 (74) | 46 (18) | 14 (05) | ||
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| Affiliative HIV stigma: n (%) | Not at all | Just a little | Somewhat | Very much | |
| People uncomfortable being around | 187 (72) | 34 (13) | 27 (10) | 9 (03) | |
| People avoid | 226 (88) | 18 (07) | 10 (04) | 2 (01) | |
| People blame for HIV | 248 (96) | 6 (02) | 2 (01) | ||
| Fear losing friends | 219 (85) | 15 (06) | 16 (06) | 8 (03) | |
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| Care-related secondary stress (problems as a result of caregiving): n (%) | Not at all | A little | Some | A great deal | |
| Financial problems | 165 (64) | 54 (21) | 25 (10) | 14 (05) | |
| Losing/missing work | 223 (86) | 17 (07) | 15 (06) | 2 (01) | |
| Less able to care for family | 170 (66) | 53 (21) | 27 (10) | 8 (03) | |
| Less able to care for children | 224 (87) | 21 (08) | 10 (04) | 3 (01) | |
| Less able to care for own health | 204 (79) | 34 (13) | 14 (05) | 6 (02) | |
| Family arguments | 183 (71) | 42 (16) | 22 (09) | 12 (05) | |
| Physical strain | 183 (71) | 43 (17) | 23 (09) | 9 (03) | |
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| Recipient’s reciprocity of support to caregiver: n (%) | Never | Some | A lot | ||
| R helped around the house | 54 (21) | 92 (36) | 112 (43) | ||
| R lent money | 39 (15) | 132 (51) | 86 (33) | ||
| R gave gifts | 28 (11) | 124 (84) | 106 (41) | ||
| R helped care for C’s children | 59 (23) | 82 (32) | 117 (45) | ||
| R spent time with C | 4 (02) | 73 (28) | 181 (70) | ||
| R joined C’s family activities | 63 (24) | 96 (37) | 99 (38) | ||
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| Recipient’s reciprocity of caring: n (%) | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Agree | Strongly agree | |
| R would help if needed | 7 (03) | 80 (31) | 171 (66) | ||
| R cares about C’s health | 1 (00) | 9 (03) | 91 (35) | 157 (61) | |
| R helps out as much as can | 4 (02) | 14 (05) | 98 (38) | 141 (55) | |
| R appreciates C | 3 (01) | 10 (04) | 84 (33) | 161 (62) | |
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| Caregiver-recipient communication: n (%) | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Agree | Strongly agree | |
| CG counts on CR to listen | 4 (02) | 19 (07) | 99 (38) | 136 (53) | |
| CG can express feelings to CR | 10 (04) | 45 (17) | 108 (42) | 95 (37) | |
| CG enjoys spending time w/ CR | 1 (00) | 7 (03) | 139 (54) | 111 (43) | |
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| Caregiver role ambivalence: n (%) | Rarely or none of the time | Some or little of the time | Occasionally or moderate amount of time | Most or all of the time | |
| Wish not having to help so much | 176 (68) | 54 (21) | 20 (08) | 8 (03) | |
| Wish less obligated | 178 (69) | 61 (24) | 13 (05) | 6 (02) | |
| Need time away from CR | 100 (43) | 126 (49) | 22 (09) | ||
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| Health-related quality of life: n (%) | Excellent | Very good | Good | Fair | Poor |
| General health rating | 58 (22) | 68 (26) | 74 (29) | 44 (17) | 14 (05) |
| Not at all | A bit | A lot | |||
| Mental health interferes with social activities (social function-mental) | 187 (72) | 47 (18) | 24 (09) | ||
| Physical health interferes with social activities (social function-physical) | 158 (61) | 81 (31) | 19 (07) | ||
| Low | Mild | Moderate | High | ||
| Depressive symptoms | 126 (49) | 48 (19) | 26 (10) | 58 (22) | |
| Minimum | Maximum | Mean | SD | ||
| Physical functioning limitations: value | 0 | 10 | 3.55 | 3.21 | |
| Care provision | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | No | Yes | ||
| n | % | n | % | |
| Doctor/ ER accompaniment | 82 | 32 | 176 | 68 |
| Money/ bills | 79 | 31 | 179 | 69 |
| Transportation | 63 | 24 | 195 | 76 |
| Errands | 73 | 28 | 185 | 72 |
| Hospital visit | 101 | 39 | 150 | 58 |
| Personal care | 148 | 57 | 109 | 42 |
| Help with medications | 112 | 43 | 146 | 57 |
| Care-related primary stress (making caregiving difficult) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Never | Some | A lot | |||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Recipienťs behavior | 114 | 44 | 109 | 42 | 35 | 14 |
| Recipienťs amount of needs | 133 | 52 | 100 | 39 | 25 | 10 |
| Financial limitations | 90 | 35 | 132 | 51 | 36 | 14 |
| Time limitations | 130 | 50 | 108 | 42 | 20 | 8 |
| Care of other people | 139 | 54 | 98 | 38 | 21 | 8 |
| Recipient not telling when sick | 113 | 44 | 101 | 39 | 44 | 17 |
| Recipient keep HIV secret | 177 | 69 | 45 | 17 | 36 | 14 |
| Conflict with recipienťs friends | 176 | 68 | 52 | 20 | 30 | 12 |
| Conflict with recipienťs family | 191 | 74 | 48 | 19 | 19 | 7 |
| Conflict over recipienťs children | 191 | 74 | 46 | 18 | 14 | 5 |
| Care-related secondary stress (problems as a result of caregiving) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Not at all | A little | Some | A great deal | ||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Financial problems | 165 | 64 | 54 | 21 | 25 | 10 | 14 | 5 |
| Losing/ missing work | 223 | 86 | 17 | 7 | 15 | 6 | 2 | 1 |
| Less able to care for family | 170 | 66 | 53 | 21 | 27 | 10 | 8 | 3 |
| Less able to care for children | 224 | 87 | 21 | 8 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Less able to care for own health | 204 | 79 | 34 | 13 | 14 | 5 | 6 | 2 |
| Family arguments | 183 | 71 | 42 | 16 | 22 | 9 | 12 | 5 |
| Physical strain | 183 | 71 | 43 | 17 | 23 | 9 | 9 | 3 |
| Recipienťs reciprocity of support to caregiver | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Never | Some | A lot | |||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| R helped around the house | 54 | 21 | 92 | 36 | 112 | 43 |
| R lent money | 39 | 15 | 132 | 51 | 86 | 33 |
| R gave gifts | 28 | 11 | 124 | 84 | 106 | 41 |
| R helped care for C's children | 59 | 23 | 82 | 32 | 117 | 45 |
| R spent time with C | 4 | 2 | 73 | 28 | 181 | 70 |
| R joined C's family activities | 63 | 24 | 96 | 37 | 99 | 38 |
| Recipient reciprocity of caring | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Agree | Strongly agree | ||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| R would help if needed | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 80 | 31 | 171 | 66 |
| R cares about C's health | 1 | 0 | 9 | 3 | 91 | 35 | 157 | 61 |
| R helps as much as they can | 4 | 2 | 14 | 5 | 98 | 38 | 141 | 55 |
| R appreciates C | 3 | 1 | 10 | 4 | 84 | 33 | 161 | 62 |
| Caregiver-recipient communication | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Strongly disagree | Disagree | Agree | Strongly agree | ||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| C counts on R to listen | 4 | 2 | 19 | 7 | 99 | 38 | 136 | 53 |
| C can express feelings to R | 10 | 4 | 45 | 17 | 108 | 42 | 95 | 37 |
| C enjoys spending time with R | 1 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 139 | 54 | 111 | 43 |
| Caregiver role ambivalence | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Rarely or none | Some or little | casionally or moder | Most or all of the time | ||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Wish not having to help so much | 176 | 68 | 54 | 21 | 20 | 8 | 8 | 3 |
| Wish less obligated | 178 | 69 | 61 | 24 | 13 | 5 | 6 | 2 |
| Need time away from R | 100 | 43 | 126 | 49 | 22 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| Affiliative HIV stigma | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Not at all | Just a little | Somewhat | Very much | ||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| People uncomfortable being around | 187 | 72 | 34 | 13 | 27 | 10 | 9 | 3 |
| People avoid | 226 | 88 | 18 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| People blame for HIV | 248 | 96 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Fear losing friends | 219 | 85 | 15 | 6 | 16 | 6 | 8 | 3 |
| Health-related quality of life | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Excellent | Very good | Good | Fair | Poor | |||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| General health rating | 58 | 22 | 68 | 26 | 74 | 29 | 44 | 17 | 14 | 5 |
| Variable | Not at all | A bit | A lot | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Mental health interferes | 187 | 72 | 47 | 18 | 24 | 9 | ||||
| Physical health interferes | 158 | 61 | 81 | 31 | 19 | 7 | ||||
| Variable | Low | Mild | Moderate | High | ||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
|
| ||||||||||
| Depressive symptoms | 126 | 49 | 48 | 19 | 26 | 10 | 58 | 22 | ||
| Variable | Minimum | Maximum | Mean | SD | ||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| Physical functioning limitations | 0 | 10 | 3.55 | 3.21 | ||||||
Abbreviations: R = recipient. C = caregiver. w/ = with. SD = standard deviation.