Table 1.

Results of genotoxicity tests for AF-2

Class	Assays	Cells/species	Doses	Results	References
In vitro	Rec-assay	B. subtilis	2 μg/plate	Positive	Kada [18]
	Reversion assay	E. coli H/r30R	0.1–4 μg/mL	Positive	Kondo & Ichikawa-Ryo [17]
	Reversion assay	E. coli WP2hcr−	0.5, 1.0 μg/plate	Positive	Kada [18]
	Ames test	S. typhimurium TA100, TA98	0.02 μg/plate	Positive	McCann et al. [10]
	Chromosomal aberration	human lymphocyte	0.5–50 μM [=0.12–12.4 μg/mL]	Positive	Tonomura & Sasaki [16]
	Unscheduled DNA synthesis	human fibroblast	80 μM [=19.8 μg/mL]	Positive	Tonomura & Sasaki [16]
	Gene conversion	Yeast	50, 100, 200 μg/mL	Positive	Murthy & Sankaranakarayan [37]
	Gene mutation	Chinese hamster, V79	50–400 μM [=12.4–99.2 μg/mL]	Positive	Wild [36]
	Gene mutation	mouse lymphoma, L5178Y Ala32	1–50 μg/mL	Positive (+S9)	Nakamura et al. [45]
In vivo	Micronucleus assay	rat; Long-Evance bone marrow	60, 120, 240 mg/kg; i.p.	weakly positive	Goodman et al. [28]
	Micronucleus assay	mouse; CD-1, MS/Ae rat; SD peripheral blood	50, 100, 200 mg/kg; i.p. 25, 50, 75, 100 mg/kg; i.p.	Weakly positive	Higashikuni et al. [39]
	Chromosomal aberration	rat; Long-Evance bone marrow	30–240 mg/kg; gavage	positive	Sugiyama [38]