Table 3.
Selected aspects of the psychopathological assessment (PPA) as found in the study population
| All Patients | IPA | Discharged | Chi-square test | Chi-square test post hoc | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 2387 | % | n = 1300 | % | n = 1087 | % | df | p-Value | df | p-Value | |
| Physical appearance | ||||||||||
| Unkempt/inappropriate attire | 370 | 15.5 | 257 | 19.8 | 113 | 10.4 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Disorders of consciousness, orientation, attention and memory | ||||||||||
| Disturbance of consciousness | 150 | 6.3 | 110 | 8.5 | 40 | 3.7 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Any disturbance of orientation | 301 | 12.6 | 242 | 18.6 | 59 | 5.4 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Disturbed apperception/concentration | 1352 | 56.6 | 826 | 63.5 | 526 | 48.4 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Disturbed memory | 520 | 21.8 | 338 | 26.0 | 182 | 16.7 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Formal thought disorders | ||||||||||
| Inhibited/retarded thinking | 446 | 18.7 | 291 | 22.4 | 155 | 14.3 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Accelerated thinking | 112 | 4.7 | 84 | 6.5 | 28 | 2.6 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Rumination | 470 | 19.7 | 237 | 18.2 | 233 | 21.4 | 1 | 0.050 | ||
| Rambling | 135 | 5.7 | 85 | 6.5 | 50 | 4.6 | 1 | 0.042* | ||
| Tangential thinking | 119 | 5.0 | 85 | 6.5 | 34 | 3.1 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Thought blocking/disruption of thought | 41 | 1.7 | 32 | 2.5 | 9 | 0.8 | 1 | 0.004* | ||
| Incoherence/derailment | 168 | 7.0 | 132 | 10.2 | 36 | 3.3 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Delusions | ||||||||||
| Delusions in general | 393 | 16.5 | 294 | 22.6 | 99 | 9.1 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Delusions of reference | 32 | 1.3 | 26 | 2.0 | 6 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.002* | ||
| Delusions of persecution/impairment | 275 | 11.5 | 210 | 16.2 | 65 | 6.0 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Disorders of perception | ||||||||||
| Auditory hallucinations in general | 274 | 11.5 | 206 | 15.8 | 68 | 6.3 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Visual hallucinations | 125 | 5.2 | 101 | 7.8 | 24 | 2.2 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Ego (boundary) disturbances | ||||||||||
| Any ego disturbance | 277 | 11.6 | 181 | 13.9 | 96 | 8.8 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Worries and compulsion | ||||||||||
| Fears | 1200 | 50.3 | 648 | 49.8 | 552 | 50.8 | 1 | 0.649 | ||
| Compulsions | 87 | 3.6 | 50 | 3.8 | 37 | 3.4 | 1 | 0.566 | ||
| Disturbances of affect | ||||||||||
| Perplexity | 41 | 1.7 | 31 | 2.4 | 10 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.006* | ||
| Feeling of loss of feeling | 69 | 2.9 | 45 | 3.5 | 24 | 2.2 | 1 | 0.069 | ||
| Depressed mood | 1580 | 66.2 | 852 | 65.5 | 728 | 67.0 | 1 | 0.461 | ||
| Hopelessness/despair | 380 | 15.9 | 280 | 21.5 | 100 | 9.2 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Anxiety | 108 | 4.5 | 69 | 5.3 | 39 | 3.6 | 1 | 0.044* | ||
| Euphoria | 28 | 1.2 | 21 | 1.6 | 7 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.028* | ||
| Dysphoria/irritability | 270 | 11.3 | 166 | 12.8 | 104 | 9.6 | 1 | 0.014* | ||
| Inner restlessness | 285 | 11.9 | 128 | 9.8 | 157 | 14.4 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Parathymia (incongruent affect) | 47 | 2.0 | 39 | 3.0 | 8 | 0.7 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Disorder of drive and psychomotor activity | ||||||||||
| Inhibition/lack of drive | 1101 | 46.1 | 643 | 49.5 | 458 | 42.1 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Increased drive | 203 | 8.5 | 142 | 10.9 | 61 | 5.6 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Motor restlessness/tenseness | 665 | 27.9 | 450 | 34.6 | 215 | 19.8 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Motor redardation | 222 | 9.3 | 154 | 11.8 | 68 | 6.3 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Mannerisms/histrionics | 67 | 2.8 | 53 | 4.1 | 14 | 1.3 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Other disturbances | ||||||||||
| Aggressiveness | 76 | 3.2 | 62 | 4.8 | 14 | 1.3 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Self-harm | 205 | 8.6 | 138 | 10.6 | 67 | 6.2 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Lack of insight into illness | 355 | 14.9 | 271 | 20.8 | 84 | 7.7 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Circadian disturbances/disturbances of sleep and vigilance | 740 | 31.0 | 387 | 29.8 | 353 | 32.5 | 1 | 0.155 | ||
| Suicidal ideation | ||||||||||
| No suicidal ideation | 1531 | 64.1 | 618 | 47.5 | 913 | 84.0 | 2 | < 0.001** | 1 | < 0.001** |
| Suicidal ideation | 746 | 31.3 | 591 | 45.5 | 155 | 14.3 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Missing information | 110 | 4.6 | 91 | 7.0 | 19 | 1.7 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Suicidal intent | ||||||||||
| Distance to suicidal intent | 2005 | 84.0 | 931 | 71.6 | 1074 | 98.8 | 2 | < 0.001** | 1 | < 0.001** |
| Lack of distance to suicidal intent | 241 | 10.1 | 240 | 18.5 | 1 | 0.1 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
| Missing information | 141 | 5.9 | 129 | 9.9 | 12 | 1.1 | 1 | < 0.001** | ||
IPA: inpatient psychiatric admission, n: number of consultations, df: degrees of freedom. * statistically significant, ** highly statistically significant