Table 4.
Nutrient adequacy from food alone by cognitive function status among females 60 + years of age†
| Total CFT Composite Z-Score | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z-score Q1 | Z-score Q2 | Z-score Q3 | Z-score Q4 | ||||
| n = 352 | n = 313 | n = 279 | n = 204 | ||||
| % < EAR‡ | |||||||
| Nutrient | EAR | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | ||
| Vitamin A, RAE (μg) | 500 | 44 ± 3.5 | * | 44 ± 4.1 | * | 29 ± 4.4 | 28 ± 4.0 |
| Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg) | 12 | 97 ± 1.2 | * | 94 ± 1.4 | * | 85 ± 3.7 | 82 ± 4.4 |
| Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (μg) | 10 | 97 ± 1.3 | 97 ± 0.9 | 97 ± 1.3 | 96 ± 1.6 | ||
| Vitamin C (mg) | 60 | 46 ± 2.7 | 44 ± 4.5 | 34 ± 4.1 | 36 ± 3.9 | ||
| Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg) | 0.9 | 19 ± 2.1 | * | 12 ± 2.6 | 10 ± 2.6 | 6 ± 2.5 | |
| Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg) | 0.9 | 6 ± 0.9 | * | 4 ± 0.9 | < 3 | < 3 | |
| Niacin (mg) | 11 | 6 ± 1.7 | * | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.3 | 37 ± 4.3 | * | 29 ± 3.5 | 22 ± 4.1 | 19 ± 3.7 | |
| Folate, DFE (μg) | 320 | 28 ± 2.7 | * | 20 ± 3.4 | 21 ± 3.9 | 16 ± 3.7 | |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 2 | 10 ± 2.7 | 8 ± 1.8 | 6 ± 2.0 | 4 ± 1.4 | ||
| Calcium (mg) | 1000 | 81 ± 2.9 | 78 ± 3.8 | 78 ± 3.4 | 69 ± 5.4 | ||
| Iron (mg) | 5 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | ||
| Magnesium (mg) | 265 | 70 ± 3.6 | * | 62 ± 3.9 | * | 49 ± 4.0 | 40 ± 5.1 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 580 | 4 ± 1.2 | * | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | |
| Zinc (mg) | 6.8 | 33 ± 4.5 | * | 25 ± 4.2 | 21 ± 3.8 | 13 ± 4.4 | |
| Copper (mg) | 0.7 | 19 ± 2.6 | * | 13 ± 3.1 | * | 7 ± 1.7 | 4 ± 1.6 |
| Selenium (μg) | 45 | 3 ± 1.2 | * | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | |
| AI | % > AI‡ | ||||||
| Vitamin K (μg) | 90 | 44 ± 3.6 | * | 49 ± 4.6 | * | 75 ± 4.5 | 77 ± 4.7 |
| Total choline (mg) | 425 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | 4 ± 1.8 | ||
| Potassium (mg) | 2600 | 23 ± 3.4 | * | 28 ± 3.6 | * | 41 ± 4.1 | 46 ± 5.4 |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 21 | 13 ± 3.1 | 14 ± 2.1 | 22 ± 3.1 | 22 ± 3.4 | ||
†Model 2: covariates for day of the week (weekday/weekend), sequence of the dietary recall (day 1 or 2), whether the participant reported use of any dietary supplement in the past 30 days, and age (60–69 y, 70–79 y, 80 + y), education, race/ethnicity, marital status, PIR, comorbidities (CHD, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, cancer), kidney function (GFR and albuminuria), BMI, smoking status, physical activity, and alcohol intake
‡Estimated values of % < EAR or % > AI less than 3% or greater than 97% are expressed “ < 3” and “ > 97”, respectively, and the SE’s are not displayed, in accordance with the USDA’s practice in reporting nutrient adequacy. Statistical comparisons were conducted using the estimated values < 3% or > 97%
*Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to Q4