Table 5.
Nutrient adequacy from food alone by cognitive function status among males 60 + years of age†
| Total CFT Composite Z-Score | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z-score Q1 | Z-score Q2 | Z-score Q3 | Z-score Q4 | ||||
| n = 395 | n = 301 | n = 231 | n = 198 | ||||
| % < EAR‡ | |||||||
| Nutrient | EAR | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE | ||
| Vitamin A, RAE (μg) | 625 | 54 ± 4.3 | * | 45 ± 5.4 | * | 30 ± 7.2 | 29 ± 3.9 |
| Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg) | 12 | 89 ± 2.2 | * | 83 ± 3.7 | * | 70 ± 3.7 | 60 ± 5.6 |
| Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (μg) | 10 | 94 ± 1.7 | 93 ± 2.4 | 92 ± 2.9 | 91 ± 2.5 | ||
| Vitamin C (mg) | 75 | 54 ± 3.9 | 52 ± 5.3 | 54 ± 5.0 | 42 ± 5.3 | ||
| Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg) | 1 | 11 ± 3.2 | * | 4 ± 1.4 | < 3 | < 3 | |
| Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg) | 1.1 | 6 ± 1.7 | * | < 3 | * | < 3 | < 3 |
| Niacin (mg) | 12 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | ||
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.4 | 18 ± 4.0 | * | 8 ± 2.4 | 5 ± 2.0 | < 3 | |
| Folate, DFE (μg) | 320 | 17 ± 4.1 | * | 8 ± 2.2 | 4 ± 1.2 | < 3 | |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 2 | 6 ± 2.1 | * | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | |
| Calcium (mg) | 800a | 46 ± 2.9 | * | 39 ± 5.2 | 28 ± 2.5 | 24 ± 4.7 | |
| Iron (mg) | 6 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | ||
| Magnesium (mg) | 350 | 77 ± 2.6 | * | 68 ± 3.6 | * | 56 ± 4.7 | 46 ± 5.5 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 580 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | ||
| Zinc (mg) | 9.4 | 38 ± 4.6 | * | 24 ± 5.6 | 14 ± 3.8 | 13 ± 4.2 | |
| Copper (mg) | 0.7 | 4 ± 1.9 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | ||
| Selenium (μg) | 45 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | < 3 | ||
| AI | % > AI‡ | ||||||
| Vitamin K (μg) | 120 | 27 ± 3.3 | 35 ± 3.8 | * | 42 ± 5.8 | 60 ± 9.5 | |
| Total choline (mg) | 550 | < 3 | < 3 | 7 ± 3.1 | 7 ± 2.2 | ||
| Potassium (mg) | 3400 | 18 ± 2.6 | 27 ± 4.4 | * | 38 ± 6.7 | 46 ± 4.8 | |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 30 | 5 ± 1.5 | 6 ± 2.1 | * | 9 ± 2.7 | 16 ± 3.5 | |
†Model 2: covariates for day of the week (weekday/weekend), sequence of the dietary recall (day 1 or 2), whether the participant reported use of any dietary supplement in the past 30 days, and age (60–69 y, 70–79 y, 80 + y), education, race/ethnicity, marital status, PIR, comorbidities (CHD, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, cancer), kidney function (GFR and albuminuria), BMI, smoking status, physical activity, and alcohol intake
‡Estimated values of % < EAR or % > AI less than 3% or greater than 97% are expressed “ < 3” and “ > 97”, respectively, and the SE’s are not displayed, in accordance with the USDA’s practice in reporting nutrient adequacy. Statistical comparisons were conducted using the estimated values < 3% or > 97%
*Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to Q4
aEAR for males 51—70 y is 800 mg and the EAR for males 71 + y is 1000 mg. An EAR of 800 mg was selected to conservatively estimate the percent below the EAR