Table 7.
Nutrient intake and adequacy from food alone by depression status among males 60 + years of age†
| Nutrient Intakes | % < EAR‡ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHQ Score | < 10 | 10 + | < 10 | 10 + | |
| n = 1134 | n = 81 | n = 1134 | n = 81 | ||
| Nutrient | EAR | Mean ± SE | Mean ± SE | % ± SE | % ± SE |
| Vitamin A, RAE (μg) | 625 | 788 ± 53 | 626 ± 90 | 39 ± 3.0 | 59 ± 11.9 |
| Vitamin E as alpha-tocopherol (mg) | 12 | 9.8 ± 0.3 | 8.9 ± 1.1 | 75 ± 2.5 | 81 ± 8.0 |
| Vitamin D (D2 + D3) (μg) | 10 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 93 ± 1.9 | 97 ± 2.7 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 75 | 92 ± 4 | 74 ± 12 | 50 ± 2.7 | 62 ± 9.1 |
| Thiamin (Vitamin B1) (mg) | 1 | 1.77 ± 0.03 | 1.76 ± 0.17 | 5 ± 1.1 | 6 ± 4.3 |
| Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) (mg) | 1.1 | 2.42 ± 0.07 | 2.4 ± 0.28 | < 3 | < 3 |
| Niacin (mg) | 12 | 27.2 ± 0.4 | 27.4 ± 2.4 | < 3 | < 3 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.4 | 2.28 ± 0.05 | 2.18 ± 0.25 | 9 ± 1.8 | 12 ± 7.1 |
| Folate, DFE (μg) | 320 | 590 ± 16 | 560 ± 66 | 8 ± 1.7 | 12 ± 7.1 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 2 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | < 3 | 5 ± 4.0 |
| Calcium (mg) | 800a | 986 ± 22 | 997 ± 116 | 34 ± 1.6 | 33 ± 11.8 |
| Iron (mg) | 6 | 16.9 ± 0.3 | 16.4 ± 1.7 | < 3 | < 3 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 350 | 332 ± 6 | 323 ± 36 | 61 ± 1.9 | 65 ± 11.7 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 580 | 1467 ± 18 | 1440 ± 123 | < 3 | < 3 |
| Zinc (mg) | 9.4 | 12.2 ± 0.2 | 12 ± 0.9 | 22 ± 3.3 | 25 ± 8.7 |
| Copper (mg) | 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.04 | 1.3 ± 0.13 | < 3 | 4 ± 3.3 |
| Selenium (μg) | 45 | 119 ± 1.4 | 120 ± 7 | < 3 | < 3 |
| AI | % >AI | ||||
| Vitamin K (μg) | 120 | 125 ± 6 | 116 ± 26 | 42 ± 3.6 | 37 ± 14.4 |
| Total choline (mg) | 550 | 374 ± 6 | 355 ± 29 | 5 ± 1.5 | 3 ± 2.6 |
| Potassium (mg) | 3400 | 3067 ± 54 | 2888 ± 273 | 33 ± 2.5 | 26 ± 9.8 |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 30 | 19.5 ± 0.5 | 18.6 ± 2.5 | 9 ± 1.9 | 7 ± 5.3 |
| Lutein + zeaxanthin (μg) | NA | 1660 ± 125 | 1167 ± 343 | ||
| PFA 20:5 (Eicosapentaenoic) (g) | NA | 0.03 ± 0.003 | 0.02 ± 0.004 | ||
| PFA 22:6 (Docosahexaenoic) (g) | NA | 0.10 ± 0.010 | 0.08 ± 0.014 | ||
†Model 2: covariates for day of the week (weekday/weekend), sequence of the dietary recall (day 1 or 2), whether the participant reported use of any dietary supplement in the past 30 days, and age (60–69 y, 70–79 y, 80 + y), education, race/ethnicity, marital status, PIR, comorbidities (CHD, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, cancer), kidney function (GFR and albuminuria), BMI, smoking status, physical activity, and alcohol intake
aEAR for males 51—70 y is 800 mg and the EAR for males 71 + y is 1000 mg. An EAR of 800 mg was selected to conservatively estimate the percent below the EAR
‡Estimated values of % < EAR or % > AI less than 3% or greater than 97% are expressed “ < 3” and “ > 97”, respectively, and the SE’s are not displayed, in accordance with the USDA’s practice in reporting nutrient adequacy. Statistical comparisons were conducted using the estimated values < 3% or > 97%
*Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in UI, % < EAR, or % > AI from food alone between PHQ scores of < 10 and 10 +