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. 2023 Dec 4;54:116. doi: 10.1186/s13567-023-01244-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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SjANX A13 knockdown affects the vitality and reproduction of S. japonicum. A Time schedule for siRNA efficiency assay and long-term siRNA experiment. B Comparison of the efficacies of the negative control and three SjANX A13-specific siRNA pairs. C Effects of SjANX A13 S1 siRNA on SjANX A13 gene expression after 10 injections between 4 and 42 dpi. D Effect of long-term siRNA treatment on the worm burden. E Effect of long-term siRNA treatment on reproductive capacity of female worms. F Effect of long-term siRNA treatment on the liver egg burden. G Effect of long-term siRNA treatment on egg hatching rate. All experiments were performed in triplicate and are expressed as the mean ± SD. Significant differences are indicated (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). The reduction rates are presented in the panels. A was created with Biorender.com.