Table 2.

Model fit indices of structural equation modelling and measurement/structural invariance for cross-validation and multi-group analysis for last dental visit

Model/Invariance	χ2	d.f.	χ2/d.f.	GFI	CFI	RMSEA [90% CI]
Measurement modela
Psychosocial variables	439.73	71	6.19	0.967	0.981	0.053 [0.048, 0.057]
DPR variables	571.27	75	7.62	0.959	0.981	0.059 [0.055, 0.064]
OHIP-14	53.95	8	6.74	0.991	0.994	0.055 [0.042, 0.070]
Full measurement model	1649.54	507	3.25	0.951	0.979	0.035 [0.033, 0.036]
Structural modelb
Initial hypothesised model	167.94	10	16.79	0.975	0.922	0.092 [0.080, 0.104]
Final model	34.31	10	3.43	0.995	0.988	0.036 [0.023, 0.049]
Cross-validationc
Configural invariance	3411.99	1014	3.37	0.949	0.978	0.025 [0.024, 0.026]
Measurement invarianced	3452.19	1042	3.31	0.949	0.977	0.025 [0.024, 0.026]
Comparison testf	40.20	28			0.001	< 0.001
Configural invariance	151.01	20	7.55	0.988	0.966	0.042 [0.036, 0.048]
Structural invariancee	183.40	28	6.55	0.986	0.960	0.038 [0.033, 0.044]
Comparison testf	32.39	8			0.006	0.004
Multi-group for last dental visitg
Configural invariance	3363.53	1014	3.32	0.949	0.978	0.025 [0.024, 0.026]
Measurement invarianced	3447.04	1042	3.31	0.948	0.977	0.025 [0.024, 0.026]
Comparison testf	83.50	28			0.001	< 0.001
Configural invariance	176.36	20	8.82	0.986	0.958	0.046 [0.040, 0.052]
Structural invariancee	234.21	28	8.37	0.982	0.944	0.044 [0.039, 0.050]
Comparison testf	57.85	8			0.014	0.002

d.f. degree of freedom, GFI goodness of fit index, CFI comparative fit index, RMSEA root mean square error of approximation

^a Final models from confirmatory factor analysis with subsample A

^b Path analysis model with subsample A

^c Cross-validation of the final model with subsample B

^d Factor loadings constrained equal

^e Factor loadings and path coefficients constrained equal

^f Difference of χ², d.f., CFI, and RMSEA

^g Comparison by multi-group analysis for the time since the last dental visit (within or over 12 months) from all samples