Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of study participants
| Characteristics | Categories | HCAIs (n = 30) | Non-HCAIs (n = 320) | Overall (N = 350) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n(%) | n(%) | n(%) | ||
| Referral case | Yes | 0 (0.0) | 56 (17.5) | 56 (16.0) |
| No | 30 (100) | 264 (82.5) | 294 (84.0) | |
| Referring healthcare facility | Sekou Toure RRH | NA | 20 (35.7) | 20 (35.7) |
| Geita RRH | NA | 17 (30.3) | 17 (30.3) | |
| Musoma RRH | NA | 10 (17.9) | 10 (17.9) | |
| Kitete | NA | 7 (12.5) | 7 (12.5) | |
| Kamanga Hospital | NA | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | |
| Bunda | NA | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | |
| Mobility at admission | Bedridden | 10 (33.3) | 49 (15.3) | 59 (16.9) |
| Wheelchair | 15 (50.0) | 119 (37.2) | 134 (38.3) | |
| Ambulant | 5 (16.7) | 152 (47.5) | 157 (44.9) | |
| Chief complain during current hospital admission | Hemiplegia | 4 (13.3) | 47 (14.7) | 51 (14.6) |
| Hematemesis | 2 (6.7) | 30 (9.3) | 32 (9.1) | |
| Epigastric pain | 2 (6.7) | 23 (7.2) | 25 (7.1) | |
| GBW | 3 (10.0) | 40 (12.5) | 43 (12.3) | |
| DIB + anasarca | 2 (6.7) | 18 (5.6) | 20 (5.7) | |
| Confusion | 4 (13.3) | 15 (4.7) | 19 (5.4) | |
| Anuria | 2 (6.7) | 14 (4.4) | 16 (4.5) | |
| Chest pain | 1 (3.3) | 13 (4.1) | 14 (4.0) | |
| Joint pain | 1 (3.3) | 13 (4.1) | 14 (4.0) | |
| Aphasia | 3 (10.0) | 9 (2.8) | 12 (3.4) | |
| Palpations | 0 (0.0) | 10 (3.1) | 10 (2.9) | |
| Others* | 6 (20.0) | 88 (27.5) | 94 (26.9) | |
| Presence of invasive device | No | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.6) |
| Yes | 30 (100) | 318 (99.4) | 348 (99.4) | |
| Type of invasive device | IV line | 24 (80.0) | 301 (94.6) | 325 (93.4) |
| Urinary tract catheter | 14 (46.7) | 106 (33.3) | 120 (34.5) | |
| Hemodialysis catheter | 6 (20.0) | 17 (5.3) | 23 (6.6) | |
| Nasogastric tube | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | 2 (0.5) | |
| Underlying disease conditions | Stroke | 7 (23.3) | 66 (20.6) | 73 (20.9) |
| UGIB | 2 (6.7) | 24 (7.5) | 26 (7.4) | |
| CCF + DCM | 2 (6.7) | 20 (6.3) | 22 (6.3) | |
| ESRD | 0 (0.0) | 22 (6.9) | 22 (6.3) | |
| Gastritis | 1 (3.3) | 17 (5.3) | 18 (5.1) | |
| CCF | 1 (3.3) | 16 (5.0) | 17 (4.9) | |
| HTN emergency | 2 (6.7) | 14 (4.4) | 16 (4.6) | |
| Anaemia | 2 (6.7) | 13 (4.1) | 15 (4.3) | |
| VOC + SCD | 1 (3.3) | 13 (4.1) | 14 (4.0) | |
| DKA + T2DM | 1 (3.3) | 9 (2.8) | 10 (2.9) | |
| Others** | 11 (36.7) | 106 (33.1) | 117 (33.3) | |
| Median [IQR] days of hospital stay | 13.5 [12–15] | 4 [3–5] | 4 [3–6] | |
| Hospital discharge status | Died | 2 (6.7) | 41 (12.8) | 43 (12.3) |
| Alive | 28 (93.3) | 279 (87.2) | 307 (87.7) | |
KEY: CCF = congestive cardiac failure; GBW = generalized body weakness; DCM = dilated cardiomyopathy; DIB = difficulty in breathing; DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; HTN = hypertension; NGT = nasogastric tube; UGIB = upper gastrointestinal bleeding; RRH = regional referral hospital; SCD = sickle cell disease; T2DM = type 2 diabetes mellitus; RTI = respiratory tract infection; VOC = vaso-occlusive crisis
Others*: ascites, blurry vision + headache, convulsion, dizziness, hematochezia, hemoptysis, melena, lower limb edema, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, oliguria, and polyuria
Others**: rheumatic heart disease, asthma, cancer associated conditions, arrhythmia, colitis, epilepsy, cardiogenic shock, hepatitis B infection + liver cirrhosis, intestinal mass, migraine, cardiomyopathy, thyrotoxicosis, uremia, and unstable angina