Table 1.
Characteristics of the studied sample of mothers and their offspring
| Variables | Total (n = 72236) |
Normal (n = 71703) |
CHD | P value# | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All CHD (n = 533) |
AVSD (n = 383) |
Other (n = 150) |
||||
| Maternal age, year | 30.2 ± 4.3 | 30.2 ± 4.3 | 30.6 ± 4.5 | 30.9 ± 4.5 | 29.9 ± 4.5 | 0.036 |
| Elderly parturient, n (%) | 0.03 | |||||
| No | 60,558 (83.8) | 60,130 (83.9) | 428 (80.3) | 303 (79.1) | 125 (83.3) | |
| Yes | 11,678 (16.2) | 11,573 (16.1) | 105 (19.7) | 80 (20.9) | 25 (16.7) | |
| Multipara, n (%) | 0.024 | |||||
| No | 40,488 (56.0) | 40,163 (56) | 325 (61) | 224 (58.5) | 101 (67.3) | |
| Yes | 31,748 (44.0) | 31,540 (44) | 208 (39) | 159 (41.5) | 49 (32.7) | |
| Gravidity, n (%) | 0.674 | |||||
| 1 | 29,518 (40.9) | 29,307 (40.9) | 211 (39.6) | 149 (38.9) | 62 (41.3) | |
| 2 | 22,257 (30.8) | 22,095 (30.8) | 162 (30.4) | 115 (30) | 47 (31.3) | |
| ≥ 3 | 20,461 (28.3) | 20,301 (28.3) | 160 (30) | 119 (31.1) | 41 (27.3) | |
| Assisted reproduction, n (%) | 0.22 | |||||
| No | 70,457 (97.5) | 69,942 (97.5) | 515 (96.6) | 370 (96.6) | 145 (96.7) | |
| Yes | 1779 ( 2.5) | 1761 (2.5) | 18 (3.4) | 13 (3.4) | 5 (3.3) | |
| Gestational hypertension, (%) | 0.034 | |||||
| No | 69,832 (96.7) | 69,326 (96.7) | 506 (94.9) | 360 (94) | 146 (97.3) | |
| Yes | 2404 ( 3.3) | 2377 (3.3) | 27 (5.1) | 23 (6) | 4 (2.7) | |
| Gestational week of delivery, week | 38.9 ± 1.5 | 38.9 ± 1.4 | 38.4 ± 2.2 | 38.3 ± 2.2 | 38.7 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 |
| Premature birth, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 68,784 (95.2) | 68,334 (95.3) | 450 (84.4) | 318 (83) | 132 (88) | |
| Yes | 3452 ( 4.8) | 3369 (4.7) | 83 (15.6) | 65 (17) | 18 (12) | |
| Sex of newborn infant, n (%) | 0.297 | |||||
| Boys | 38,688 (53.6) | 38,415 (53.6) | 273 (51.2) | 199 (52) | 74 (49.3) | |
| Girls | 33,548 (46.4) | 33,288 (46.4) | 260 (48.8) | 184 (48) | 76 (50.7) | |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or median (range interquartile), or as number (percentage)
Abbreviations: AVSD atrial or ventricular septal defect, CHD congenital heart defect
#: P value at the last column indicates the comparison of normal (column 3) and all CHD group (column 4) by using the independent samples t-test or Mann–Whitney U test