Table 2.
Binary logistic regression analysis of the relationships between mid-pregnancy glucose status and congenital heart defect
| Variable | n(%) | Crude | Adjusteda | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | ||
| GDM | |||||
| No | 377 (0.7) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| Yes | 156 (1.0) | 1.55 (1.28 ~ 1.87) | < 0.001 | 1.41 (1.17 ~ 1.71) | < 0.001 |
| OGTT 0 h | |||||
| < 5.1 mmol/L | 460 (0.7) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| ≥ 5.1 mmol/L | 73 (1.0) | 1.48 (1.15 ~ 1.9) | 0.002 | 1.36 (1.06 ~ 1.75) | 0.016 |
| OGTT 1 h | |||||
| < 10 mmol/L | 456 (0.7) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| ≥ 10 mmol/L | 77 (1.1) | 1.54 (1.21 ~ 1.96) | 0.001 | 1.37 (1.07 ~ 1.75) | 0.013 |
| OGTT 2 h | |||||
| < 8.5 mmol/L | 460 (0.7) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| ≥ 8.5 mmol/L | 73 (1.1) | 1.59 (1.24 ~ 2.04) | < 0.001 | 1.41 (1.09 ~ 1.82) | 0.008 |
| OGTT statusb | |||||
| Group 1 | 377 (0.7) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
| Group 2 | 44 (0.9) | 1.33 (0.97 ~ 1.82) | 0.077 | 1.26 (0.92 ~ 1.72) | 0.152 |
| Group 3 | 83 (1) | 1.52 (1.2 ~ 1.93) | 0.001 | 1.39 (1.09 ~ 1.78) | 0.007 |
| Group 4 | 29 (1.5) | 2.21 (1.51 ~ 3.23) | < 0.001 | 1.86 (1.26 ~ 2.74) | 0.002 |
| P for trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
Abbreviations: CHD congenital heart defect, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test
a Adjusted for infant sex, maternal age, assisted reproduction, gestational hypertension, gravidity, parity, and gestational week of delivery
b OGTT status: Group 1 represents OGTT 0 h, 1 h and 2 h are all normal; Group 2 indicates that OGTT 0 h is abnormal, while OGTT 1 h and 2 h is normal; Group 3 indicates that OGTT 0 h is normal, while OGTT 1 h or 2 h is abnormal; Group 4 represents OGTT 0 h, 1 h or 2 h are all abnormal