Table 3.

Multinomial logistic regression analysis of the associations between mid-pregnancy glucose status and specific congenital heart defect subtypes

Variable	AVSD			Othera
	n (%)	OR (95%CI)	P value	n (%)	OR (95%CI)	P value
GDM
No	265 (0.5)	1 (Ref)		112 (0.2)	1 (Ref)
Yes	118 (0.8)	1.48 (1.18 ~ 1.84)	0.001	38 (0.2)	1.25 (0.86 ~ 1.82)	0.242
OGTT 0 h
< 5.1 mmol/L	331 (0.5)	1 (Ref)		129 (0.2)	1 (Ref)
≥ 5.1 mmol/L	52 (0.7)	1.32 (0.98 ~ 1.77)	0.069	21 (0.3)	1.47 (0.93 ~ 2.35)	0.102
OGTT 1 h
< 10 mmol/L	318 (0.5)	1 (Ref)		138 (0.2)	1 (Ref)
≥ 10 mmol/L	65 (0.9)	1.6 (1.22 ~ 2.11)	0.001	12 (0.2)	0.77 (0.42 ~ 1.4)	0.388
OGTT 2 h
< 8.5 mmol/L	331 (0.5)	1 (Ref)		129 (0.2)	1 (Ref)
≥ 8.5 mmol/L	52 (0.8)	1.33 (0.99 ~ 1.8)	0.061	21 (0.3)	1.63 (1.02 ~ 2.62)	0.041
OGTT statusb
Group 1	265 (0.5)	1 (Ref)		112 (0.2)	1 (Ref)
Group 2	30 (0.6)	1.21 (0.83 ~ 1.77)	0.333	14 (0.3)	1.39 (0.8 ~ 2.43)	0.247
Group 3	66 (0.8)	1.53 (1.16 ~ 2.01)	0.003	17 (0.2)	1.05 (0.63 ~ 1.76)	0.858
Group 4	22 (1.1)	1.91 (1.23 ~ 2.99)	0.004	7 (0.4)	1.72 (0.79 ~ 3.74)	0.169
P for trend			< 0.001			0.257

All models adjusted for infant sex, maternal age, assisted reproduction, gestational hypertension, gravidity, parity, and gestational week of delivery

Abbreviations: AVSD atrial or ventricular septal defect, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test

^a Congenital heart defect other than atrial or ventricular septal defect, and patent ductus arteriosus

^b OGTT status: Group 1 represents OGTT 0 h, 1 h and 2 h are both normal; Group 2 indicates that OGTT 0 h is abnormal, while OGTT 1 h and 2 h is normal; Group 3 indicates that OGTT 0 h is normal, while OGTT 1 h or 2 h is abnormal; Group 4 represents OGTT 0 h,1 h and 2 h are all abnormal. Adjusted for infant sex, maternal age, assisted reproduction, gestational hypertension, gravidity, parity, and gestational week of delivery