Table 2.
Subgroup analysis for the association between aflatoxin B1 and growth indicators of children
| Test of association | Test of heterogeneity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Continuous outcome | Subgroup | Studies | β | 95%CI | I2 (%) | P |
| Height | Overall | 4 | -0.17 | -0.25 to -0.09 | 19.0 | 0.29 |
| Prospective cohort | 3 | -0.21 | -0.30 to -0.12 | 0.0 | 0.60 | |
| Non-cohort | 1 | -0.10 | -0.20 to -0.001 | - | - | |
| HPLC | 2 | -0.20 | -0.29 to -0.12 | 0.0 | 0.44 | |
| ELISA | 2 | -0.14 | -0.31 to 0.03 | 26.0 | 0. 24 | |
| HAZ | Overall | 12 | -0.17 | -0.30 to -0.03 | 97.2 | < 0.001 |
| Prospective cohort | 8 | -0.05 | -0.10 to -0.01 | 58.2 | 0.01 | |
| Non-cohort | 4 | -0.33 | -0.75 to 0.10 | 99.0 | < 0.001 | |
| HPLC | 6 | -0.02 | -0.10 to 0.05 | 73.3 | 0.002 | |
| ELISA | 4 | -0.31 | -0.70 to 0.08 | 98.9 | < 0.001 | |
| TLC | 1 | -0.46 | -0.69 to -0.22 | - | - | |
| IDMS | 1 | -0.18 | -0.32 to -0.04 | - | - | |
| Adjusted | 11 | -0.14 | -0.29 to -0.001 | 97.4 | < 0.001 | |
| Not-adjusted | 1 | -0.46 | -0.69 to -0.22 | - | - | |
| WAZ | Overall | 8 | -0.18 | -0.33 to -0.02 | 97.9 | < 0.001 |
| Prospective cohort | 5 | -0.05 | -0.07 to -0.03 | 4.3 | 0.38 | |
| Non-cohort | 3 | -0.32 | -0.69 to 0.05 | 96.7 | < 0.001 | |
| HPLC | 3 | -0.06 | -0.11 to -0.02 | 41.1 | 0.18 | |
| ELISA | 3 | -0.33 | -0.78 to 0.12 | 99.3 | < 0.001 | |
| TLC | 1 | -0.20 | -0.48 to 0.08 | - | - | |
| IDMS | 1 | -0.03 | -0.17 to 0.11 | - | - | |
| Adjusted | 7 | -0.17 | -0.34 to -0.01 | 98.2 | < 0.001 | |
| Not-adjusted | 1 | -0.20 | -0.48 to 0.08 | 43.2 | 0.17 | |
| WHZ | Overall | 6 | -0.02 | -0.07 to 0.03 | 43.6 | 0.11 |
| Prospective cohort | 4 | -0.01 | -0.07 to 0.04 | 59.6 | 0.06 | |
| Non-cohort | 2 | -0.07 | -0.27 to 0.13 | 18.7 | 0.26 | |
| HPLC | 4 | -0.01 | -0.05 to 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.50 | |
| ELISA | 1 | -0.06 | -0.10 to -0.02 | - | - | |
| IDMS | 1 | 0.09 | -0.04 to 0.22 | - | - | |
| Dichotomous outcome | Subgroup | Studies | Odds ratio | 95%CI | I2 (%) | P |
| Stunting | Overall | 6 | 1.15 | 0.98 to 1.35 | 80.3 | < 0.001 |
| Prospective cohort | 3 | 1.21 | 1.11 to 1.33 | 0.0 | 0.50 | |
| Non-cohort | 3 | 1.14 | 0.80 to 1.63 | 43.5 | 0.15 | |
| Underweight | Overall | 3 | 1.08 | 0.92 to 1.27 | 70.6 | 0.03 |
| Prospective cohort | 1 | 1.20 | 1.03 to 1.40 | - | - | |
| Non-cohort | 2 | 0.99 | 0.98 to 1.00 | 0.0 | 0.37 | |
| Wasting | Overall | 1 | 1.00 | 0.98 to 1.02 | - | - |
WHZ Weight-for-height z score, WAZ Weight-for-age z-score, HAZ Height-for-age z-scores, HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography, ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, TLC Thin layer chromatography, IDMS Isotope dilution mass spectrometry