Table 1.
Recent literature on lipid production by oleaginous yeast from lignocellulosic biomass
| Microorganisms | Lignocellulosic raw material/Pretreatment | Cultivation mode | Lipid content (w/w) | Lipid Yield Yp/s |
Lipid concentration | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C. curvatus |
Rice straw Pretreatment (Glycerol-FeCl3) |
Batch | 46.8% | 0.17 g lipid/g | 8.8 g/L | [63] |
| C. curvatus DSM 70022 |
Wastepaper Oxidising pretreatment (hydrogen peroxide 120ºC-30 min) |
Batch (Flask Erlenmeyer) | 37.8% | 0.234 g lipid/g | 5.75 g/L | [64] |
| C. curvatus DSM 70022 | Wastepaper pretreated (diluted acid) | Batch (Flask Erlenmeyer) | 43.1% | 0.141 g lipid/g | 4.95 g/L | [64] |
| Cryptococcus sp MTCC 5455 |
Brassica juncea Microwave-Assisted Dilute Alkali Pretreatment |
Batch (Flask Erlenmeyer) | 11.05 g/L | [65] | ||
| C. oleaginosum |
Corn stover Alkali organosolv pretreatment (NaOH:Methanol, 80 ºC, 1 h) |
Batch (Erlenmeyer Flask) Fed-batch (2 pulses) |
61.7% | 0.18 g lipid/g | 31.3 g/L | [66] |
| L. starkeyi |
Sugarcane bagasse (hydrolysate) 1.5% sulfuric acid (w/v) at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 in an autoclave at 120 °C for 20 min |
Batch (Erlenmeyer Flask) Bioreactor (3 L) Continuous |
26.1% 27.3% |
0.14 g lipid/g 0.18 g lipid/g |
2.1- g/L 3.14 g/L |
[67] |
| L. starkey DMS 90276 |
Sugarcane bagasse (hemicellulose hydrolysate) Pretreatment dilute acid (1.5% (w/v) H2SO4 at 120 C for 20 min) |
Batch (Erlenmeyer Flask) | 44.8% | 0.16 g lipid/g | 3.53 g/L | [68] |
| L. starkeyi DSM 70295 |
Oil palm empty fruit bunch Alkali pretreatment (3.75 M NaOH, 120º C, 1 h) |
Batch (Erlenmeyer Flask) | 40% | 0.162 g lipid/g | 4.9 g/L | [69] |
| L. starkeyi NRRL Y-11557 |
Corn stover Ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) pretreatment |
Batch (Erlenmeyer Flask) | 38% | 0.14 g lipid/g | 9 g/L | [70] |
| M. pulcherrima | Starch hydrolysate | Batch fermentation (250 L) | 34.3% | 0.21 g lipid/g | 15.8 g/L | [71] |
| M. pulcherrima | Starch hydrolysate | Semi-continuous (250 L) | 32.6% | 0.16 g lipid/g | 11.6 g/L | [71] |
| R. babjevae DVBPG 8058 | Wheat straw hydrolysate (steam explosion 190ºC 10 min; 1% acetic acidic (soaked overnight) | Batch (0.5 L Bioreactor) | 64.8% | 0.24 g lipid/g | 18.1 g/L | [72] |
| R. fluvialys | Sugarcane top (alkaline-hydrogen pretreatment) | Bath | 63.1% | 0.23 g lipid/g | 19.1 g/L | [73] |
| R. fluvialys | Sugarcane top (alkaline-hydrogen pretreatment) plus crude glycerol | Fed-batch (3 L fermenter) (continuous fed crude glycerol solution) | 61.4% | 0.33 g lipid/g | 23.6 g/L | [73] |
| R. glutinis |
Corncob Acid pretreatment (sulfuric acid + phosphoric acid, S/L ratio 1/3, 123ºC 60 min) |
Batch (5 L fermentor) High cell density culture with two-stage nitrogen feeding strategy |
47.2% | 0.159 g lipid/g | 33.5 g/L | [74] |
|
R. glutinis + C. pyrenoidosa |
Cassava bagasse enzymatic hydrolysate (concentrated) | Batch (Erlenmeyer Flask) | 58.73% | 0.230 g lipid/g | 17.7 g/L | [75] |
| R. taiwanensis | Corncob hydrolysate (sulphuric acid 2.5% 121 2.5 h) detoxified | Batch (5 L fermenter) | 60.3% | 0.056 g oil/g corncob | 11.2 g/L | [76] |
| R. toruloides |
Maple Wood Alkali pretreatment (NaOH 1%, S/L 1/10 (w/v) 121ºC 15 psi, 30 min) |
Erlenmeyer | 36.68% | n.a. | 6.25 g/L | [77] |
| R. toruloides AS 2.1389 |
Corn stover Dry acid pretreatment and biodetoxification (2.5 g H2SO4/100 g dry corn stover; 175 °C, 5 min followed by biological detoxification process with Amorphotheca resinae) |
Flasks SSLP (simultaneous saccharification lipid production) PSSLP (prehydrolysis SSLP) |
0.062 g/g corn stover 0.08 g/g corn stover 0.077 g/g corn stover |
6.2 g/L 10.1 g/L 11.4 g/L |
[78] | |
| R. toruloides CBS 14 |
Wheat straw Acid-based steam explosion hydrolysate (10%) + crude glycerol |
Batch (0.5 L Bioreactor) | 46.8% | 0.25 g lipid/g | 10.6 g/L | [79] |
| R. toruloides CBS 14 | Wheat straw Hydrolysate (steam explosion 190ºC 10 min; 1% acetic acid (soaked overnight) | Batch (0.5 L Bioreactor) | 39.31% | 0.15 g lipid/g | 11.72 g/L | [72] |
| R. toruloides CBS 14 |
Wheat straw Steam explosion (Acid-soaked (1% acetic acid), steam explosion 190 °C, 10 min.) |
Batch (2 L Bioreactor) | 41% | 0.13 g lipid/g | [80] | |
| R. toruloides DSMZ 4444 |
Corn stover (Combined pretreatment) NaOH 80ºC 2 h)/sulfuric acid preimpregnation 2 h, 160ºC-10 min ) |
Batch DO-Fed-batch Pulse-Fed-batch Online-FB |
56.67% 59.81% 61.54% 58.76% |
0.19 g lipid/g 0.23 g lipid/g 0.24 g lipid/g 0.29 g lipid/g |
21.2 g/L 25.2 g/L 26.7 g/L 31.7 g/L |
[ [81] |
| R. toruloides NRLL |
Fir wood (NaOH 1%, S/L 1/10 (w/v) 121ºC 15 psi, 30 min) |
Batch (Erlenmeyer Flask) | 35.24% | n.a. | 6.88 g/L | [77] |
| R. toruloies CCT 7815 | Eucalyptus urograndis Hemicellulose hydrolysate, 160ºC 195 min | Batch (Erlenmeyer Flask) | 50% | 0.13 g lipid/g | [82] | |
| Trichosporium dermatis |
Dilute acid corn stover (1% w/w H2SO4 160ºC-10 min), pretreated biomass without washing. (1%H2SO4 180ºC-10 min), pretreated biomass with washing. |
Batch (Erlenmeyer Flask) |
24.23% 45.06% |
0.104 g lipid/g 0.156 g lipid/g |
7.46 g/L 11.43 g/L |
[83] |
| T. dermatis |
Alkali pretreated corn stover (2% w/w, 120 ºC, 20 min -pretreated biomass without washing -pretreated biomass with washing |
Batch (Erlenmeyer Flask) |
28.4% 55.97% |
0.101 g lipid/g 0.186 g lipid/g |
6.81 g/L 20.36 g/L |
[83] |
| T. oleaginosus |
Shorghum stalk Swithgrass Alkali pretreatment (10%, w/v loading solid, 1.25%, w/v NaOHa, 121ºC, 30 min, 1 h) |
Batch (Erlenmeyer Flask) |
60% 58% |
0.29 g lipid/g 0.27 g lipid/g |
13.1 g/L 12.3 g/L |
[84] |
| Y. lipolytica |
Grass Cyperus distans Hydrothermal pretreatment (200ºC 60 min plus delignification with diluted alkaline) |
Batch (5 L bioreactor) | 53.62% | n.a. | 10.58 g/L | [85] |
n.a., not available