Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of T2D patients during period*
| T2D (N = 652,290) | New-onset T2D (N = 322,030) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early-onset T2D (N = 21,347) | Late-onset T2D (N = 300,676) | |||
| Baseline characteristics | ||||
| Age on first diagnosis date (M, IQR) | 60.5[52.0, 68.1] | 35.0 [32.0, 37.5] | 61.8 [55.0, 69.1] | < 0.001 |
| Male (N, %) | 348,381(53.4) | 13,383 (62.7) | 154,834 (51.5) | < 0.001 |
| Laboratory measurements (M, IQR) | ||||
| HbA1c (%) | 7.7 [6.8, 9.0] | 7.9 [6.8, 9.6] | 7.4 [6.7, 8.6] | < 0.001 |
| Random blood glucose (mmol/L) | 8.5 [7.0, 10.6] | 8.3 [6.8, 10.7] | 8.1 [6.8, 10.0] | < 0.001 |
| Serum creatinine (umol/L) | 65.8 [54.8, 79.1] | 64.3 [53.5, 75.0] | 65.7 [55.0, 79.0] | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 76.0 [57.4, 96.0] | 102.8 [82.1, 120.0] | 76.0 [58.7, 94.8] | < 0.001 |
| Number of patients tested MALB | 97,736 | 2977 | 37,334 | |
| MALB(g/24 h) | 14.5 [7.4, 45.5] | 13.8 [5.8, 41.0] | 11.2 [5.0, 33.5] | < 0.001 |
| Microalbuminuria (n, %) | 3,816 (3.9) | 122 (4.1) | 1,351 (3.6) | 0.012 |
| Macroalbuminuria (n, %) | 66,449 (68.0) | 1,924 (64.6) | 25,783 (69.1) | 0.028 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.1 [0.9, 1.3] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.1] | 1.0 [0.9, 1.2] | < 0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.0 [2.4, 3.7] | 3.1 [2.6, 3.6] | 3.0 [2.4, 3.6] | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.5 [1.1, 2.2] | 2.0 [1.4, 3.0] | 1.5 [1.1, 2.1] | < 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.8[4.0, 5.6] | 4.9 [4.3, 5.6] | 4.8 [4.0, 5.5] | < 0.001 |
| Treatment pattern (N, %) | ||||
| Anti-hypertension | 352,736 (54.1) | 7,326 (34.3) | 167,582 (55.7) | < 0.001 |
| Anti-hyperlipidaemia | 261,606 (40.1) | 6,094 (28.5) | 116,890 (38.9) | < 0.001 |
| Anti-platelets | 290,832 (44.6) | 3,533 (16.6) | 137,575 (45.8) | < 0.001 |
| Insulin | 297,026 (45.5) | 7,703 (36.1) | 126,359 (42.0) | < 0.001 |
| Oral hypoglycemic drugs | 474,387 (72.7) | 15,527 (72.7) | 218,657 (72.7) | 0.97 |
| Sulfonylureas | 179,460 (27.5) | 5,479 (25.7) | 81,920 (27.2) | < 0.001 |
| Metformin | 311,612 (47.8) | 11,667 (54.7) | 139,333 (46.3) | < 0.001 |
| Incretin (DDP-4i, GLP-1) | 104,773 (16.1) | 4,058 (19.0) | 45,871 (15.3) | < 0.001 |
| SGLT-2 | 2,139 (0.3) | 139 (0.7) | 825 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| α- glucosidase inhibitor | 349,191 (53.5) | 9,072 (42.5) | 162,582 (54.1) | < 0.001 |
| Thiazolidinediones | 88,658 (13.6) | 4,078 (19.1) | 39,509 (13.1) | < 0.001 |
| Compound | 1,976 (0.3) | 142 (0.7) | 545 (0.2) | < 0.001 |
| Others | 153,578 (23.5) | 3,444 (16.1) | 72,615 (24.2) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities/complications | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 204,257 (31.3) | 5,698 (26.7) | 198,559 (66.0) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 17,015 (2.6) | 450 (2.1) | 16,565 (5.5) | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 180,161 (27.6) | 7,289 (34.1) | 172,872(57.5) | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 209,074 (32.1) | 10,866 (50.9) | 198,208 (65.9) | < 0.001 |
*The duration was defined as from the onset of T2D to the end of follow-up, follow-up depends on the duration of patients’ routine care in the database