Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the subjects
| Variables | Total (n = 7630) | UFA/TF ratio Q1 (n = 2541) |
UFA/TF ratio Q2 (n = 2546) |
UFA/TF ratio Q3 (n = 2543) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | 0.030 | ||||
| Male | 3745 (49.1) | 1280 (50.4) | 1271 (49.9) | 1194 (47) | |
| Female | 3885 (50.9) | 1261 (49.6) | 1275 (50.1) | 1349 (53) | |
| Age | 50.95 ± 17.34 | 50.3 ± 17.83 | 50.39 ± 17.20 | 52.11 ± 16.93 | < 0.001 |
| Race, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| Mexican American | 877 (11.5) | 311 (12.2) | 305 (12) | 261 (10.3) | |
| Other Hispanic | 772 (10.1) | 276 (10.9) | 265 (10.4) | 231 (9.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 2737 (35.9) | 1126 (44.3) | 887 (34.8) | 724 (28.5) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 2046 (26.8) | 501 (19.7) | 707 (27.8) | 838 (33) | |
|
Other Race (Including multi-racial) |
1198 (15.7) | 327 (12.9) | 382 (15) | 489 (19.2) | |
| BMI | 30.12 ± 7.58 | 30.02 ± 7.37 | 30.51 ± 7.73 | 29.83 ± 7.62 | 0.005 |
| WHtR | 0.61 ± 0.10 | 0.61 ± 0.10 | 0.61 ± 0.11 | 0.60 ± 0.10 | 0.015 |
| Energy (kcal) | 2039.14 ± 865.06 | 2057.55 ± 902.47 | 2097.96 ± 864.36 | 1961.85 ± 821.14 | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 438.78 ± 217.54 | 445.07 ± 231.67 | 458.22 ± 218.86 | 413.03 ± 198.41 | < 0.001 |
| Sugars (g) | 187.42 ± 124.88 | 202.23 ± 138.97 | 194.81 ± 123.70 | 165.21 ± 106.86 | < 0.001 |
| Dietary fiber (g) | 30.17 ± 18.18 | 27.39 ± 16.51 | 30.47 ± 17.21 | 32.66 ± 20.22 | < 0.001 |
| Protein (g) | 144.62 ± 70.84 | 145.31 ± 73.02 | 152.16 ± 71.12 | 136.38 ± 67.41 | < 0.001 |
| Total fat (g) | 154.70 ± 82.10 | 151.43 ± 82.33 | 161.90 ± 81.58 | 150.76 ± 81.93 | < 0.001 |
| Total saturated fatty acids (g) | 49.34 ± 28.90 | 58.14 ± 33.09 | 51.30 ± 26.81 | 38.59 ± 22.25 | < 0.001 |
| Total unsaturated fatty acids (g) | 89.83 ± 49.12 | 76.41 ± 42.29 | 94.30 ± 47.62 | 98.76 ± 53.90 | < 0.001 |
| Insulin (µU/mL) | 14.98 ± 24.22 | 15.54 ± 23.55 | 15.82 ± 27.84 | 13.55 ± 20.61 | 0.047 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 6.31 ± 2.12 | 6.33 ± 2.26 | 6.34 ± 2.13 | 6.26 ± 1.95 | 0.545 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.24 ± 1.09 | 1.30 ± 1.24 | 1.28 ± 0.96 | 1.15 ± 1.05 | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.80 ± 1.05 | 4.82 ± 1.05 | 4.80 ± 1.05 | 4.78 ± 1.06 | 0.348 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.38 ± 0.42 | 1.36 ± 0.41 | 1.36 ± 0.40 | 1.42 ± 0.43 | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.83 ± 0.92 | 2.86 ± 0.95 | 2.87 ± 0.89 | 2.76 ± 0.93 | 0.012 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
| No | 1849 (57.0) | 631 (53.7) | 589 (55) | 629 (63) | |
| Yes | 1396 (43.0) | 545 (46.3) | 482 (45) | 369 (37) | |
| Alcohol drinking, n (%) | 0.439 | ||||
| No | 658 (8.9) | 204 (8.3) | 230 (9.3) | 224 (9.1) | |
| Yes | 6761 (91.1) | 2260 (91.7) | 2254 (90.7) | 2247 (90.9) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0.064 | ||||
| No | 6441 (84.4) | 2176 (85.7) | 2147 (84.4) | 2118 (83.3) | |
| Yes | 1187 (15.6) | 364 (14.3) | 398 (15.6) | 425 (16.7) | |
| Hypercholesteremia, n (%) | 0.592 | ||||
| No | 4820 (63.6) | 1619 (64.2) | 1614 (63.8) | 1587 (62.9) | |
| Yes | 2756 (36.4) | 903 (35.8) | 915 (36.2) | 938 (37.1) | |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 0.375 | ||||
| No | 7264 (95.50) | 2406 (95.14) | 2435 (95.94) | 2423 (95.43) | |
| Yes | 342 (4.50) | 123 (4.86) | 103 (4.06) | 116 (4.57) | |
| Stroke, n (%) | 0.812 | ||||
| No | 7223 (94.83) | 2399 (94.64) | 2412 (94.81) | 2412 (95.04) | |
| Yes | 394 (5.17) | 136 (5.36) | 132 (5.19) | 126 (4.96) | |
| HOMA-IR, median (IQR) | 2.66 (1.56, 4.80) | 2.78 (1.63, 4.89) | 2.75 (1.63, 5.03) | 2.42(1.46, 4.47) | 0.002 |
| TyG index | 8.68 ± 0.64 | 8.72 ± 0.65 | 8.72 ± 0.64 | 8.61 ± 0.62 | < 0.001 |