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. 2023 Dec 4;15:164. doi: 10.1186/s13102-023-00776-3

Table 4.

Comparison of athletes’ nutritional knowledge, attitude, and performance with the optimal level

The optimal level t-value Degrees of freedom P-value Mean differences 95% confidence interval for mean differences Effect size*
Lower bound Upper bound
Knowledge 84 0.236 319 0.001 -4.406 -3.634 -5.177 0.628
Attitude 26 8.954 319 0.001 -20.653 -2.070 -3.236 1
Performance 24 -11.471 319 0.001 -2.212 -1.833 -2.592 1.025

*Cohen’s d effect size