Table 3.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and general information of the family
| Characteristics | Total families N(%) | Hp infected families N(%) | Hp non-infected families N(%) | Univariate analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR(95%CI) | p value | OR(95%CI) | p value | ||||
| Family size (persons) | |||||||
| 2 | 148(35.15%) | 108(72.97%) | 40(27.03%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| 3 | 120(28.50%) | 94(78.33%) | 26(21.67%) | 1.34(0.76-2.36) | 0.312 | 1.30(0.73-2.32) | 0.374 |
| 4 | 76(18.05%) | 63(82.89%) | 13(17.11%) | 1.79(0.89-3.61) | 0.101 | 1.68(0.82-3.43) | 0.155 |
| 5 | 34(8.08%) | 31(91.18%) | 3(8.82%) | 3.83(1.11-13.22) | 0.034 | 4.09(1.17-14.33) | 0.028 |
| ≥6 | 43(10.21%) | 42(97.67%) | 1(2.33%) | 15.56(2.06-116.80) | 0.008 | 15.19(2.01-114.73) | 0.008 |
| The generations living together | |||||||
| 1 | 85(20.19%) | 63(74.12%) | 22(25.88%) | Reference | |||
| 2 | 214(50.83%) | 175(81.78%) | 39(18.22%) | 1.57(0.86-2.85) | 0.140 | ||
| ≥3 | 122(28.98%) | 100(81.97%) | 22(18.03%) | 1.59(0.81-3.10) | 0.176 | ||
| Family income (yuan) | |||||||
| ＜100,000 | 300(71.26%) | 249(83.00%) | 51(17.00%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥100,000 | 121(28.74%) | 89(73.55%) | 32(26.45%) | 0.57(0.34-0.94) | 0.029 | 0.52(0.31-0.89) | 0.017 |
| Living area | |||||||
| City | 268(63.66%) | 209(77.99%) | 59(22.01%) | Reference | |||
| Urban-rural combination | 111(26.37%) | 93(83.78%) | 18(16.22%) | 1.46(0.82-2.61) | 0.203 | ||
| Rural | 42(9.98%) | 36(85.71%) | 6(14.29%) | 1.69(0.68-4.21) | 0.257 | ||
| Total household living area (m2) | |||||||
| ＜60 | 51(12.11%) | 42(82.35%) | 9(17.65%) | Reference | |||
| 60-120 | 263(62.47%) | 210(79.85%) | 53(20.15%) | 0.85(0.39-1.85) | 0.681 | ||
| ＞120 | 107(25.42%) | 86(80.37%) | 21(19.63%) | 0.88(0.37-2.08) | 0.767 | ||
| Family with animals | |||||||
| No | 363(86.22%) | 288(79.34%) | 75(20.66%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 58(13.78%) | 50(86.21%) | 8(13.79%) | 1.63(0.74-3.58) | 0.226 | ||
| Family with Pets | |||||||
| No | 397(94.30%) | 316(79.60%) | 81(20.40%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 24(5.70%) | 22(91.67%) | 2(8.33%) | 2.82(0.65-12.24) | 0.166 | ||
| Family with Poultry | |||||||
| No | 387(91.92%) | 309(79.84%) | 78(20.16%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 34(8.08%) | 29(85.29%) | 5(14.71%) | 1.46(0.55-3.91) | 0.446 | ||
| Family with Livestock | |||||||
| No | 409(97.15%) | 329(80.44%) | 80(19.56%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 12(2.85%) | 9(75.00%) | 3(25.00%) | 0.73(0.19-2.76) | 0.642 | ||
| Drinking water sources | |||||||
| Heated tap water | 338(80.29%) | 278(82.25%) | 60(17.75%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Raw tap water | 67(15.91%) | 47(70.15%) | 20(29.85%) | 0.51(0.28-0.92) | 0.025 | 0.51(0.28-0.95) | 0.033 |
| Bottled water | 4(0.95%) | 3(75.00%) | 1(25.00%) | 0.65(0.07-6.33) | 0.709 | 0.79(0.08-8.09) | 0.840 |
| Well water | 10(2.38%) | 9(90.00%) | 1(10.00%) | 1.94(0.24-15.62) | 0.532 | 2.23(0.27-18.27) | 0.454 |
| Others | 2(0.48%) | 1(50.00%) | 1(50.00%) | 0.22(0.01-3.50) | 0.281 | 0.28(0.02-5.16) | 0.391 |
| Dish scrubbing | |||||||
| Flow washing | 359(85.27%) | 286(79.67%) | 73(20.33%) | Reference | |||
| Still water / basin wash | 62(14.73%) | 52(83.87%) | 10(16.13%) | 1.33(0.64-2.74) | 0.443 | ||
| Dish sterilization | |||||||
| No sterilization | 162(38.48%) | 127(78.40%) | 35(21.60%) | Reference | |||
| Automatic sterilizer | 191(45.37%) | 157(82.20%) | 34(17.80%) | 1.27(0.75-2.15) | 0.370 | ||
| Other disinfection methods | 68(16.15%) | 54(79.41%) | 14(20.59%) | 1.06(0.53-2.13) | 0.864 | ||
| Sharing of household goods | |||||||
| No | 143(33.97%) | 115(80.42%) | 28(19.58%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 278(66.03%) | 223(80.22%) | 55(19.78%) | 0.99(0.59-1.64) | 0.960 | ||
| Dishes and Chopsticks sharing | |||||||
| No | 157(37.29%) | 127(80.89%) | 30(19.11%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 264(62.71%) | 211(79.92%) | 53(20.08%) | 0.94(0.57-1.55) | 0.809 | ||
| Tea cup sharing | |||||||
| No | 350(83.14%) | 282(80.57%) | 68(19.43%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 71(16.86%) | 56(78.87%) | 15(21.13%) | 0.90(0.48-1.69) | 0.743 | ||
| Mouthwash Cup sharing | |||||||
| No | 374(88.84%) | 297(79.41%) | 77(20.59%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 47(11.16%) | 41(87.23%) | 6(12.77%) | 1.77(0.73-4.33) | 0.209 | ||
| Tooth cleaner sharing | |||||||
| No | 401(95.25%) | 321(80.05%) | 80(19.95%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 20(4.75%) | 17(85.00%) | 3(15.00%) | 1.41(0.40-4.94) | 0.589 | ||
| Family meal sharing | |||||||
| No | 343(81.47%) | 277(80.76%) | 66(19.24%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 78(18.53%) | 61(78.21%) | 17(21.79%) | 0.85(0.47-1.56) | 0.609 | ||
| Use communal chopsticks and spoons | |||||||
| No | 332(78.86%) | 270(81.33%) | 62(18.67%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 89(21.14%) | 68(76.40%) | 21(23.60%) | 0.74(0.42-1.30) | 0.301 | ||
| Family history of peptic ulcer | |||||||
| No | 328(77.91%) | 267(81.40%) | 61(18.60%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 93(22.09%) | 71(76.34%) | 22(23.66%) | 0.74(0.42-1.28) | 0.280 | ||
| Family history of gastric cancer | |||||||
| No | 410(97.39%) | 327(79.76%) | 83(20.24%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 11(2.61%) | 11(100.00%) | 0(0.00%) | 0.80(0.76-0.84) | 0.200 | ||
| Health workers in the home | |||||||
| No | 207(49.17%) | 161(77.78%) | 46(22.22%) | Reference | |||
| Yes | 214(50.83%) | 177(82.71%) | 37(17.29%) | 1.37(0.84-2.21) | 0.204 | ||
| Male to female ratio in the household | 0.44±0.21 | 0.44±0.21 | 0.44±0.21 | 0.575 | |||
| Average age of family members | 38.22±10.52 | 38.69±10.32 | 36.29±11.13 | 0.141 | |||
| Percentage of family members tested for Hpa | 0.19±0.29 | 0.19±0.29 | 0.18±0.28 | 0.908 | |||
| Percentage of family members with higher educationb | 0.54±0.33 | 0.54±0.32 | 0.55±0.37 | 0.085 | |||
| Duration of family cohabitation (years) | |||||||
| ＜1 | 41(9.74%) | 34(82.93%) | 7(17.07%) | Reference | |||
| ≥1 | 88(20.90%) | 70(79.55%) | 18(20.45%) | 0.80(0.31-2.10) | 0.651 | ||
| ≥5 | 118(28.03%) | 99(83.90%) | 19(16.10%) | 1.07(0.41-2.77) | 0.885 | ||
| ≥10 | 174(41.33%) | 135(77.59%) | 39(22.41%) | 0.71(0.29-1.73) | 0.455 | ||
| At least one person infected Hp | |||||||
| No | 83(19.71%) | ||||||
| Yes | 338(80.29%) | ||||||
Hp Helicobacter pylori, OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence interval