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. 2023 Dec 5;15:210. doi: 10.1186/s13195-023-01349-9

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Excitatory and inhibitory mean firing rates as a function of the A $β$ inhibitory scaling $s_{A β}^{I}$ , with all the other parameters of the model at the (averaged) fitted optimum values. For the purpose of clarity, the horizontal axis for the scaling has been taken as absolute values, to illustrate the behavior with increasing A $β$ loads. The vertical axis shows the firing rates of both excitatory and inhibitory populations. It can be clearly seen that the net effect of the burden is to increase the overall region firing rate, measured at the excitatory population. For the sake of clarity, the inhibitory firing rate has been vertically inverted (negated) to show their decreased effect on the excitatory population, thus confirming previous findings [15]. The vertical discontinuous line shows the optimum found for $s_{A β}^{I}$