Comparative performance analysis of absorbers.
| Structure | Wavelength (nm) | A avg (%) | J SCmax (mA cm−2) | δ | Incident light | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GaAs nanowire | 300–700 | >90 | 28.7 | — | Unpolarized | 47 |
| Ti–SiO2–Ti absorber | 350–1400 | 98.21 | — | 50° | TM polarized | 48 |
| GaAs grating array | 506–1814 | 97 | 56.5 | 55° | TM polarized | 14 |
| Sandwich amorphous silicon | 400–700 | 92 | 17.2 | 60° | TM polarized | 43 |
| TiN metasurface | 316–1426 | >90 | — | 45° | TM polarized | 42 |
| Ultrathin Ti–SiO2 cubes | 354–1066 | 97 | — | 60° | TE polarized | 32 |
| Multiple cubes absorber | 405–1505 | 95.1 | — | 60° | TE polarized | 44 |
| Double-grating array | 450–2000 | 98.2 | 81.5 | 65° | TM polarized | This work |
| 450–3000 | 96.5 | 81.5 | 65° | TM polarized | ||
| 450–2000 | 82.2 | 67.0 | 75° | Unpolarized | ||
| 450–3000 | 87.0 | 67.0 | 75° | Unpolarized |