Figure 1.

The effect of curcumin on the modulatory pathways of tumour cells. Under hypoxic condition the thioredoxin inhibitors such as curcumin can prevent angiogenesis by suppressing HIF1, which results in the elevation of oxidative stress, and induction of apoptosis. Also, curcumin may cause tumour suppression by downregulating the HIF-1α protein levels and suppressing the VEGF, which can prevent angiogenesis

ARNT – aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, NF-κB – nuclear factor-kappa B, VEGF – vascular endothelial growth factor, Trx – thioredoxin, HIF-1 – hypoxia inducible factor.