Figure 4.

Isolation, expansion, and labeling of autologous ENSCs followed by in vivo transplantation to swine rectum. (A) Overview of the experimental design. (B) Representative image shows neurospheres transduced with a lentiviral-GFP vector following determination of the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI, C). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) was used to visualize the layers of the rectal wall (D, second and fourth layer represent the submucosal and serosal layer, respectively) to target colonoscopic injection of the ENSC suspension (E). ENSC: enteric neuronal stem cell.