. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 5.

Published in final edited form as: Dig Dis Sci. 2021 Aug 21;67(8):4215–4222. doi: 10.1007/s10620-021-07228-3

Table 3.

The association of controlled attenuation parameter with depression and general health

NHANES item	Definition of outcome	Univariate analysis	p-value	Multivariate analysis¹	p-value
Depression questionnaire (PHQ-9)²	Binary variable (0/1) produced by scoring > 10 points out of a total of 27 points from 9 items of questionnaire	S1: Ref S2: 1.2 (0.6–2.4) S3: 1.8 (1.0–3.1)	0.5	S1: Ref S2: 0.7 (0.3–1.5) S3: 1.6 (0.9–2.8)	0.2
Depression questionnaire (PHQ-9)²		S1: Ref S2: 1.2 (0.6–2.4) S3: 1.8 (1.0–3.1)	0.04	S1: Ref S2: 0.7 (0.3–1.5) S3: 1.6 (0.9–2.8)	0.1
Health status	Ordinal variable with the following possible statuses: Excellent Very Good Good Fair Poor	S1: Ref S2: 1.3 (1.0–1.7) S3: 2.4 (2.0–2.9)	0.05	S1: Ref S2: 1.0 (0.8–1.5) S3: 1.5 (1.2–1.9)	0.8
Health status		S1: Ref S2: 1.3 (1.0–1.7) S3: 2.4 (2.0–2.9)	< 0.001	S1: Ref S2: 1.0 (0.8–1.5) S3: 1.5 (1.2–1.9)	0.002
General health compared to 1year ago	Ordinal variable with the following possible statuses: Better About the same Worse	S1: Ref S2: 1.2 (1.0–1.5) S3: 1.1 (0.9–1.4)	0.08	S1: Ref S2: 1.3 (1.0–1.8) S3: 1.3 (1.0–1.6)	0.04
General health compared to 1year ago		S1: Ref S2: 1.2 (1.0–1.5) S3: 1.1 (0.9–1.4)	0.3	S1: Ref S2: 1.3 (1.0–1.8) S3: 1.3 (1.0–1.6)	0.06

^1.

Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, median liver stiffness measurement, depression diagnosis, cancer history

^2.

Depression questionnaire variable not included as predictor in multivariate analysis

^3.

NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire-9, S1 Controlled Attenuation Parameter Score < 248 dB/m, S2 Controlled Attenuation Parameter score 248–280 dB/m, S3 Controlled Attenuation Parameter score > 280 dB/m